有机管理对绿洲灌区土壤肥力和甜瓜生产的影响  

Effect of organic management on soil fertility and melon production in irrigated oasis farmlands

作　　者：张正[1] 代春艳[1] 陈年来[1] 张玉鑫[1] 孙小妹[1] 黄得志[1] 赵娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2012年第3期285-290,共6页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2007BAD52B01)资助

摘　　要：在石羊河流域下游露地生产条件下,对比研究了不同年限有机管理甜瓜(Cucumis melon Linn.)田的土壤养分、酶活性、微生物数量及甜瓜果实产量和品质,评价有机管理对绿洲灌区土壤肥力和甜瓜生产的影响。结果发现,有机管理可显著提高土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量,实施有机管理1年、2年、3年的甜瓜田土壤有机质含量比传统管理农田分别高36.48%、71.54%、124.21%。3年有机管理田耕层土壤碱解氮含量、速效磷含量、速效钾含量显著高于传统管理农田,分别高49.04 mg.kg 1、65.68 mg.kg 1、214.62 mg.kg 1。有机管理田土壤真菌、细菌、放线菌数量显著高于传统管理农田,土壤脲酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性也显著提高。有机管理田与传统管理田甜瓜果实产量无显著差异,但实施2年以上有机管理的甜瓜果实折光糖含量显著提高。以上结果表明,有机管理能有效改善土壤理化性质、活化土壤养分、促进微生物活动、提高土壤酶活性和提高作物品质。Organic management is an effective strategy for producing safe fruits and vegetables.To evaluate the effect of organic management on soil quality and melon production in dry regions,an open-field experiment was conducted in the lower reaches of the Shiyanghe River Basin.Melon yield and quality,soil nutrients,enzyme activities and quantities of microorganisms were determined in plots after different years of organic management.The results showed that organic management significantly increased soil organic matter and available N,P and K contents.After one,two and three years of organic management,soil organic matter content increased by 36.48%,71.54%,124.21% compared with traditional management,respectively.In three-year organic management plots,soil available N,P and K contents were significantly higher than that in traditional management plots.Compared with traditional management plots,soil available N,P and K contents in three-year organic management plots increased by 49.04 mg·kg 1,65.68 mg·kg ^-1 and 214.62 mg·kg ^-1,respectively.Also compared with traditional management plots,soil fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes and activities of urease and alkaline phosphatase in organic management plots increased significantly.While no significant difference was noted in melon fruit yield between the two management practices,total soluble solids in melon flesh was significantly higher in organic management plots than in traditional management plots.These results suggested that organic management improved soil fertility,enhanced soil microorganism community,and increased soil enzyme activity and melon fruit quality.

关 键 词：绿洲灌区 有机管理 甜瓜产量 土壤微生物 脲酶 碱性磷酸酶 土壤肥力 

分 类 号：S652[农业科学—果树学] S345[农业科学—园艺学]