甲午战争前后日本对华观的变迁——以报刊舆论为中心  

The Change in Japanese Views on China before and after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894:Focusing on the Public Opinion in the Press

作　　者：王美平[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学马克思主义学院,讲师天津300072

出　　处：《历史研究》2012年第1期143-161,192,共19页Historical Research

基　　金：教育部人文社科研究青年基金项目(11YJC810034)的成果

摘　　要：近代日本的对华观与侵华战争密切相关,挖掘和梳理当时的日本各大报刊、从军日志、政论意见书等相关资料为充实此项研究提供了充分证据。甲午战争前夕精英阶层产生的对华优越感,是日本敢于开战的精神驱动;战争的结局及舆论界的侮蔑性报道,致使民众的主流对华观完成了从"仰慕"中国到"蔑视"中国的逆转,从而为日本继续制定侵华政策提供了社会基础;日本对中国战败原因的分析促使其"蔑华观"定型固化,并演化为长期实施侵华政策的认识诱因;"蔑华观"在政界则升级、病变为"侵略客体观",并被嵌入对华决策的制度框架,进而衍生为不断推行侵华政策的思想根源。Japanese views on China in the late Qing period were closely related to its military aggression.If we comb through the relevant material in Japan's major newspapers,army logs, political commentary and reports and other relevant information,we find ample evidence for this thesis.The Japanese elite's sense of superiority to China on the eve of the Sino-Japanese war of 1894was the spiritual driving force that emboldened them to launch the war;its outcome and contemptuous reports in the mass media changed the mainstream public's view of China from 'admiration'to'contempt,'providing a social basis for Japan's continuation of its aggressive policy toward China.The Japanese analysis of the causes of China’s defeat encouraged a fixed stereotype of contempt for China,which further evolved into a cognitive incentive for the long-term implementation of the Japanese policy of invading China.In the political arena,this contemptuous view of China was elevated into the pathological idea of the‘objective cause of invasion,'and was embedded in the institutional framework of policy making on China.It thus furnished the intellectual foundation for Japan‘s constant implementation of its policy of aggression against China.

关 键 词：甲午战争“蔑华观” “东洋盟主观” 报刊史 

分 类 号：K256.3[历史地理—历史学]