以兽喻人:“莫格街凶杀案”中的反讽与犬儒主义  

Irony and Cynicism in "The Murders in the Rue Morgue"

作　　者：袁洪庚[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学外国语学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2012年第1期62-67,共6页Foreign Literature Studies

摘　　要：在被誉为首篇现代侦探小说的"莫格街凶杀案"中,埃德加.艾伦.坡塑造的推理高手迪潘推论出"作案者"是一只猩猩。对于这只猩猩,坡在叙述中流露出爱恨交织的矛盾态度。他以此动物暗喻人性中的非理性或兽性,同时也流露出根深蒂固的美国政治背景下的种族歧视意识。在此,文学与现实相互指涉,以一种游戏般的反讽形式出现。貌似超脱的唯美主义者、自由主义者坡重蹈"政治正确"的覆辙,凸现出他的"作为一种意识形态的犬儒主义"。Edgar Allen Poe＇s short story ＂The Murders in the Rue Morgue＂ has been universally acknowledged as the first modern detective story in the world literary history and approached from all perspectives.However,studies on issues related to the ＂inhuman＂ perpetrator,the Ourang-Outang,still remain inadequate.The present author argues that Poe＇s ambivalence towards the beast and his obedience to the invisible rule of ＂political correctness＂ under the social circumstances in 19th century USA,marked by the notorious tradition of racial discrimination against African-Americans,who were and are alluded as apes,betray the subtle interrelation between literature and politics at the time.Poe,generally regarded an aesthete in art and a liberal in social life,was always torn apart between rationalism and irrationalism,reality and fantasy,and the conservative and the radical.That Poe took passive cynicism as an ideology and was ironically forced to face social phenomena while unconsciously exposing them was no exception in the ＂tale of ratiocination＂,a genre of ＂escapist literature＂ as it was and is.

关 键 词：“莫格街凶杀案” 埃德加·艾伦·坡 反讽 犬儒主义 

分 类 号：I712.074[文学—其他各国文学]