我国白喉流行病学特点分析  

An Analysis of Current Epidemiological Characteristics of Diphtheria in China

作　　者：杨志伟[1] 张兴录[1] 于竞进[2] 周军[2] 王克安[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院,北京100050 [2]卫生部疾病控制司,北京100044

出　　处：《中国计划免疫》2000年第1期1-4,共4页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：利用描述性流行病学方法,对我国1950年以来全国法定传染病报告系统和近几年全国疾病监测点白喉疫情资料进行了分析,结果表明:自实施白喉类毒素接种以来,尤其是1978年我国开始实施计划免疫以后,白喉发病率和死亡率大幅度下降,年发病率由50～60年代的报告10/10万～20/10万降低到目前的001/10万;流行范围逐步缩小,1997年仅有20多个县报告白喉病例;但目前病死率相对较高,在10%以上;发病无明显的季节性;成人白喉发病增多。建议进一步提高和保持高水平的百白破混合制剂常规免疫接种率,防止白喉的重新流行,但应充分考虑大年龄组人群免疫接种的社会效益和经济效益。同时应加强监测,并加强传染源的管理。By descriptively analyzing diphtheria data from National Notifiable Disease Reporting System and Disease Surveillance spots since 1950,it is found that morbidity and mortality of diphtheria have dramatically decreased since carrying out the diphtheria immunization (especially since 1978, date of launching EPI program). Morbidity has reduced from 10-20 cases / 100,000 in 50-60's to below 0.01/100,000 in recent years. Cases were reported only in more than 20 counties in 1997. However, fatality rate of diphtheria is still as high as more than 10%. The seasonal distribution showed no noticeable peaks and age distribution of a certain number of cases occurring in adults were displayed. It was recommended that improving and maintaining high level of DPT routine immunization should be ensured, so as to prevent diphtheria outbreak or re-emerging. Diphtheria immunization for adults with high social and economic benefits must be considered carefully. At the same time, diphtheria surveillance and management of infectious sources should be strengthened.

关 键 词：白喉 流行病学 预防 控制 

分 类 号：R517.101[医药卫生—内科学]