西北旱区参考作物蒸散量空间格局演变特征分析  

Spatial Evolution of Reference Crop Evapotranspiration in Arid Area of Northwest China

作　　者：刘勤[1] 严昌荣[1] 梅旭荣[1] 张燕卿[1] 杨建莹[1] 梁瑜珊 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]北京方正联工程咨询有限公司,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业气象》2012年第1期48-53,共6页Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology

基　　金：十二五"国家科技支撑计划"旱地农田高效用水关键技术研究与典型示范"(2011BAD09B01);国家基础性工作专项"中国农业气候资源数字化图集编制";GEF项目"农业综合开发适应气候变化

摘　　要：利用西北旱区124个站点10a逐日气温、相对湿度、日照时数和风速资料,采用FAO的Penman-Monteith和Kriging方法对参考作物蒸散量进行估算和空间化,分析2000-2009年作物生长季(4-9月)参考作物蒸散量年际变化≥0.4mm区域质心的空间迁移规律。结果表明,作物生长季(4-9月)年际日均蒸散量变化≥0.4mm地区的质心整体经历从西到东两次波动,最后定位在中东部,质心迁移路径空间变化表现为由较发散变为较集中,然后到较发散;从各月年际变化上看,4月质心迁移平面距离最长,其次为7、9、6、8月,5月最短;迁移方向没有明显变化规律,各月质心最后到达位置各不相同,但是都处于内蒙古地区。近10a(2000-2009年)来,4-9月参考作物年际日均蒸散量变化≥0.4mm区域的面积呈现一定的增加趋势,其中4、6、9月的波动较大,年际变化趋势不明显,而5、7、8月面积变化曲线呈稳定增加趋势(P<0.05)。8月蒸散量对平均温度正向敏感的站点最多,敏感性较高的站点主要分布在中部和南部地区,其次是日照时数,蒸散量对相对湿度敏感的站点最少。研究结果对农业旱情监测、水资源管理和评价具有重要意义。Based on meteorological data from 2000 to 2009,including daily temperature,relative humidity,sunshine hours and wind speed of 124 meteorological stations in arid region of northwest China,crop reference evapotranspiration（ET0） were calculated by using of the Penman-Monteith formula,which was nominated by FAO in 1998 and Kriging method.Furthermore,spatial transfer of the centroids of daily mean evapotranspiration zone（≥0.4mm） in crop growing season,from April to September,was analyzed by function of spatial analysis of GIS.The results showed that the centroids of daily mean evapotranspiration zone（≥0.4mm） described fluctuating two times from east to west and located in the middle region finally.The migration paths of centroids showed from dispersed to concentrated,and then dispersed.The plane distance between starting and end centroid was longest in April,followed by July,September,June and August,and shortest in May.The destination for centroid of every month during crop growing season was different,but most located in Inner Mongolia.Furthermore,the sunshine duration was followed,and the stations where an evapotranspiration change was sensitive to relative humidity account for the minority.The results could provide important information for the research on developing active adaptation measures to ensure food security under climate change.The results were widely acknowledged in agricultural drought monitoring,water resources management and assessment.

关 键 词：参考作物蒸散量 空间格局 演变特征 敏感站点 西北旱区 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]