应用研究在妇幼保健项目中的应用  

Application of operational research in maternal and child health project

作　　者：张小松[1] 郝波[1] 陈丽君[1] 周敏[1] 赵更力[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学第一医院妇产科,北京100034

出　　处：《中国妇幼健康研究》2012年第1期31-33,共3页Chinese Journal of Woman and Child Health Research

摘　　要：目的 通过应用研究的推广应用,提高当地卫生管理和专业技术人员分析问题、解决问题的能力.方法 利用应用研究的方法 对宁夏4个项目县开展项目活动.各项目县根据各自特点,在专家组的指导下首先自行制定了应用研究的题目,并进行了基础调查和问题分析,根据基础调查的结果,制定了相应的干预措施和实施计划,并在实施过程中进行了监督指导和评估.在最后评价干预效果时又发现了新的问题,提出了新的解决办法,即建立起循环往复的理念.结果 该项目评估显示新生儿早期接触率由基础调查的12.0%提高到64.6%,早开奶率由基础调查的23.0%提高到87.7%.6个月以内婴儿纯母乳喂养率为68.4%,在基线调查42.9%的基础上提高了25.5%,干预后取得了明显的效果.结论 通过应用研究,充分调动了县级管理者和专业技术人员的积极性和主动性,实现从被动执行项目到主动设计和实施项目活动的转变.为今后项目的 可持续发展打下了基础,即在项目结束后,当地妇幼卫生人员有能力自行发现妇女儿童的健康问题,找到解决办法,最终实现提高当地妇女儿童健康水平的目标.Objective To improve the capability of local health management and specialty technique staff in analyzing and solving problems by promoting and applying operational research. Methods Operational research was used to implement project activities in 4 project counties in Ningxia I-Iui Autonomous Region. According to their features and guided by expert panel, every project county determined the subject of operational research, conducted basic investigation and analyzed problems. Intervention measures and implementing plans corresponding to results of investigation were made, and supervising and evaluating were done during the course of implementing. When the effect of intervention was finally evaluated, new problems were found and solutions were proposed. In this way a cyclic concept was established. Results Final evaluation results showed that neonatal early contacting rate increased from 12.0% in basic investigation to 64.6%, and that early feeding rate increased from 23.0% to 87.7%. The exclusive breastfeeding rate of infants within 6 months was 68.4%, which increased by 25.5% from 42.9% in basic investigation, and significant effect was obtained after intervention. Conclusion Operational research arouses the enthusiasm and activeness of management staff and specialty technique staff in county, and it promotes the change from passive implementing project to active designing and implementing activities. It lays foundation for continuous development in future. When the project is accomplished, local staff working for maternal and child health care are capable to discover health problems of women and children by themselves, find solutions and finally realize the target of improving health level of local women and children.

关 键 词：应用研究 妇幼保健项目 可持续发展 监督指导 评估 

分 类 号：R172[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]