渭河杨凌段水质动态监测及质量模糊评价  

Dynamic monitoring and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of water quality of Wei River in Yangling

作　　者：王斌[1] 张海[1] 杨峰[1] 段曼莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第1期135-140,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BADA4B09)

摘　　要：【目的】对渭河杨凌段水质进行监测和评价,为渭河水资源的合理利用及水污染防治提供理论依据。【方法】分别于2010年1,3,5,7,9和11月份采集渭河杨凌段的水样,对其7个污染指标(化学需氧量(CODCr)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、总磷(TP)、挥发酚和石油类物质含量)进行分析测定,并采用模糊综合-平均加权模型对水质进行综合评价。【结果】在检测的7个指标中,只有CODCr、BOD5、CODMn和挥发酚含量总体符合《地表水环境质量标准》中Ⅲ类水质标准,NH4+-N、TP和石油类物质含量3个指标均超出Ⅲ类水质标准;冬季、春季水体污染物较夏季和秋季严重;NH4+-N和TP污染具有季节性,而石油类物质污染在全年都较严重,超过国家允许排放标准(0.05mg/L)。【结论】渭河杨凌段水质污染治理的重点应放在难降解有机污染物的去除,及对污水进行有效脱氮除磷。【Objective】Monitoring and assessment of Wei River water quality were carried out to provide theoretical basis for reasonable use of water source and pollution preservation.【Method】Water samples were collected bimonthly at Wei River in Yangling area in 2010,and water qualities including chemical oxygen demand（CODCr,CODMn）,biological oxygen demand（BOD5）,ammonium,volatile phenol and oil compounds were determined.Meanwhile,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and weighted average method was used to assess the current status of surface water quality in this area.【Result】Among the 7 water quality indicators,CODCr,BOD5,CODMn and volatile phenol levels conformed to class Ⅲ water standard of environmental quality standard for surface water,while ammonium,total phosphorus and oil compounds exceeded the class Ⅲ water standard.Water quality in winter and spring（samples of November,January and March） was worse than that in summer and autumn（Samples of July and September）.Pollution of ammonium and total phosphorus was seasonal variation;however,pollution of oil compounds was the most important pollution factor along the whole year,with an excess of national standard of 0.05 mg/L.【Conclusion】In conclusion,pollution treatment in this area should be concentrated on the elimination of persistent organic pollutants and the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in waste water.

关 键 词：渭河 杨凌 水质动态监测 模糊评价 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X832