涌泉根灌对山地梨枣产量形成及水分利用的影响  

Effect of surge spring root irrigation on yield and water use of jujube on mountain land

作　　者：车银伟[1] 林佳[1] 胡田田[2] 朱德兰[2] 党思思[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第1期177-182,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家"863"计划项目(2010AA10A302)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同灌水定额下涌泉根灌对山地梨枣树生理指标、产量和水分利用效率的影响,为山地梨枣的生产管理提供参考。【方法】以8年生梨枣树为对象,采用涌泉根灌方式,设33,132,264m3/hm2 3个灌水定额处理,同时在相同灌水定额下,以滴灌、管灌为对照,比较各灌水定额下不同灌水方式对梨枣产量形成及水分利用的影响。【结果】与滴灌和管灌相比,涌泉根灌能够维持甚至促进枣吊的生长,同时可以维持或者减少枣树的新梢生长量和落果率。随着灌水定额的增大,新梢生长量、枣吊和梨枣落果率总体上呈增加趋势,但因灌水方式不同而存在差异。在供试3个灌水定额条件下,枣树的产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率均表现为涌泉根灌和滴灌较管灌显著提高。不论采用何种灌水方式,随灌水定额的增加,枣树的产量和水分利用效率增大到一定程度后均不再持续增加,但灌溉水利用效率均随灌水定额的增大而减小。【结论】涌泉根灌是一种值得推广的高效节水灌溉技术。【Objective】The research was done to figure out the impacts of surge spring root irrigation on physiological,yield and water use efficiency of jujube,which can provide the reference for the management of jujube.【Method】Taking 8-year pear jujube as the test tree and surge spring root irrigation as irrigation method,three irrigation quotas of 33,132,264 m3/hm2 were set.At the same irrigation quotas,taking drop irrigation and pipe irrigation for comparison.The impacts of surge spring root irrigation on jujube can be obtained through comparing the effects of different irrigation methods and quotas on the jujubes＇ water use efficiency and yield.【Result】Compared with drip irrigation and pipe irrigation,the length of bearing branch can be maintained even promoted,and the young shoot growth,fruit-dropping ratio were maintained even reduced by surge spring root irrigation.With the change of irrigating quota,young shoot growth,shoot growth and fruit-dropping ratio generally tended to increase,and the tendency was different with the change of irrigation methods.The yield,water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were increased under surge spring root irrigation and drip irrigation compared with pipe irrigation.With the increase of irrigation quota,the jujube yield and water use efficiency were increased to a certain extent then stopped increasing,but the irrigation water use efficiency was decreased constantly.【Conclusion】Surge spring root irrigation can be accepted as a new viable irrigation technology.

关 键 词：涌泉根灌 灌水定额 产量 水分利用效率 枣树 

分 类 号：S275.9[农业科学—农业水土工程] S665.107.1[农业科学—农业工程]