返青期水分胁迫、复水和施肥对冬小麦生长及产量的影响  

Effect of water stress,rewatering and fertilization on growth and yield of winter wheat during seedling establishment

作　　者：岳文俊[1] 张富仓[1] 李志军[1] 李万春[2] 薛冯定[1] 索岩松[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第2期57-63,78,共8页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50879073)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同氮磷营养条件下返青期水分胁迫后复水对冬小麦生长及产量的影响,为水分胁迫条件下作物的水肥高效利用和最优调控提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验,以小偃22作为试验材料,设置返青期轻度胁迫(占田间持水量的55%～70%)、重度胁迫(占田间持水量的40%～55%),其它生育期不胁迫和全生育期不胁迫(占田间持水量的70%～85%)3个水分处理,以及N1P1(纯氮0.1g/kg,P2O50.05g/kg)、N2P2(纯氮0.2g/kg,P2O50.1g/kg)和N3P3(纯氮0.3g/kg,P2O50.15g/kg)3个氮磷肥水平,研究返青期水分胁迫后复水以及不同氮磷水平对冬小麦生长和产量的影响。【结果】返青期不同程度的水分胁迫都会影响冬小麦干物质累积以及产量的形成。与CK相比较,轻度胁迫、重度胁迫处理在N1P1、N2P2、N3P33种施肥处理条件下,冬小麦(复水后14d)的株高分别降低了7.39%和31.48%,7.29%和30.66%,24.42%和37.23%;复水26d后,冬小麦地上部干质量分别降低了5.24%和21.45%,7.24%和24.64%,2.92%和28.66%,地下部干质量分别降低了3.21%和32.80%,5.76%和29.47%,0.83%和33.80%;复水后14d,冬小麦叶片净光合速率和水分利用效率都在增加,而蒸腾速率在减少。冬小麦返青期水分胁迫后复水,轻度胁迫处理在N1P1、N2P2、N3P33种施肥处理条件下,冬小麦产量分别增加了6.47%,4.68%,9.55%,而重度胁迫处理分别减少了22.50%,24.85%,13.76%。在相同水分处理情况下,冬小麦产量的变化趋势为N3P3>N2P2>N1P1,表明适当的增加施肥量能够提高冬小麦产量。【结论】在试验的土壤条件下,返青期轻度水分胁迫和氮磷施用量为纯氮0.3g/kg、P2O50.15g/kg的组合处理最有利于冬小麦生长,且具有最高产量。【Objective】 This paper was to study the effect of water stress,rewatering on growth and yield of winter wheat during seedling establishment on conditions of different N and P nutritions,to provide theoretical basis for high water-fertilizer use efficiency and the optimal regulation and control of crops.【Method】 Winter wheat in pots named Xiaoyan 22 was used as the test material by providing three water stress treatments：slight water stress（55%-70% of field capacity）,severe water stress（40%-55% of field capacity）and adequate water（70%-85% of field capacity）during period of seedling establishment,and other growth stages providing adequate water;Three nitrogen phosphor levels were N1P1（pure N 0.1 g/kg,P2O5 0.05 g/kg）,N2P2（pure N 0.2 g/kg,P2O5 0.1 g/kg）,N3P3（pure N 0.3 g/kg,P2O5 0.15 g/kg）,compared with adequate water during the whole growth period,effect of water stress,rewatering on growth and yield of winter wheat during seedling establishment on different N and P nutritions was studied.【Result】 Compared with CK,slight,severe water stress treatment in the N1P1,N2P2,N3P3 three kinds of fertilizer processing conditions made the height of winter wheat during establishment（14 days after rewatering） decreased by 7.39%,31.48%,7.29%,30.66% and 24.42%,37.23%;after rewatering 26 days,shoot dry weight of winter wheat decreased by 5.24%,21.45%,7.24%,24.64% and 2.92%,28.66%,and root dry weight of winter wheat decreased by 3.21%,32.80%,5.76%,29.47% and 0.83%,33.80%;14 days after rewatering,net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency increased,while transpiration rate of winter wheat decreased.Slight water stress treatment under the N1P1,N2P2 and N3P3 fertilizer processing conditions rewatering after water stress increased the yield of winter wheat during seedling establishment by 6.47%,4.68%,9.55%,while severe water stress made the yield decrease by 22.50%,24.85%,13.76% under the N1P1,N2P2 and N3P3 fertilization conditions.In the same water treatment,the yield trend of winter whea

关 键 词：冬小麦 返青期 水分胁迫 氮 磷 干物质累积 产量 

分 类 号：S512.110.5[农业科学—作物学]