饮用水中氯消毒的应用及存在的主要问题  

Application of Chlorine Disinfection in Drinking Water and Its Problems

作　　者：崔月娟[1,2] 员建[1,2] 苑宏英[1,2] 杜双磊[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]天津城市建设学院环境与市政工程系,天津300384 [2]天津市水质科学与技术重点实验室,天津300384

出　　处：《四川环境》2012年第1期104-108,共5页Sichuan Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(50808128);天津市建委科技项目(2008-45);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZXO7314-005)

摘　　要：氯消毒在饮用水净化过程中被广泛采用,我国99.5%以上的水厂用氯消毒,在美国也有94.5%的自来水厂用氯消毒。氯消毒一般采用预加氯和后加氯两种方式。氯在消毒的同时会产生三卤甲烷、二氯乙酸等消毒副产物。这些消毒副产物有致癌、致畸、致突变性和遗传毒性,对人体的健康存在一定的危害性。在氯消毒过程中,余氯量越多产生的消毒副产物就越多,而余氯量过少对病毒的灭活性较差,同时在输水管中细菌就会大量繁殖,加快管道的腐蚀。不同浓度的余氯排入水体还会对鱼类和水生生物造成不同程度的毒性影响。Chlorine disinfection is widely used in drinking water purification process, which is applied by 95% and 94. 5 % of water plants in China and USA respectively. There are two ways for chlorine disinfection, prechlorination and postchlorination. During the process of chlorine disinfection some by-preducts such as trihalomethane and dichloroacetic acid are produced, which are harmful to human health resulting from their eareinogenicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity and genotoxicity. The more the residual chlorine exists, the more the by-products produce. On the contrary, too little residual chlorine existence results in poor effect of disinfection and a lot of bacteria grow and reproduce in pipelines leading to corrosion. Toxicity of residual chlorine with different concentration affects fish and aquatic in different degree.

关 键 词：氯消毒 饮用水 消毒副产物 余氯 管网 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]