小麦/玉米/大豆套作的产量、氮营养表现及其种间竞争力的评定  

Production and N nutrient performance of wheat-maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system and evaluation of interspecies competition

作　　者：雍太文[1] 杨文钰[1] 向达兵[1] 陈小容[1] 万燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,四川温江611130

出　　处：《草业学报》2012年第1期50-58,共9页Acta Prataculturae Sinica

基　　金：大豆产业技术体系专项(CARS-04-PS19);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001);四川省科技攻关项目(2008NG0014)资助

摘　　要：采用多年大田试验研究了小麦-大豆(A1)、小麦-甘薯(A2)、玉米(A3)、小麦/玉米/大豆(A4,麦/玉/豆)和小麦/玉米/甘薯(A5,麦/玉/薯)5种种植模式的生物积累和氮素吸收特性,以探讨麦/玉/豆套作体系的种间竞争力变化规律。试验通过土地当量比(LER)、种间相对竞争力(A)、氮营养竞争比率(NCR)等指标来评定不同套作系统内的作物竞争力。结果表明,麦/玉/豆套作表现出明显的套作优势(LER>1、Awc<0、Acs>0、NCRwc<0、NCRcs>1),玉米始终占据套作系统的优势生态位,小麦、大豆处于竞争劣势;与A1、A2、A3及A5相比,麦/玉/豆套作提高了各作物在开花期(或吐丝期)与成熟期的籽粒产量与吸氮量和地上部植株的总生物量与总吸氮量;各作物的生物量与吸氮量在处理间的变化规律为套作>单作、大豆茬口>甘薯茬口,以A4处理最高。麦/玉/豆套作的全年总经济产出比麦/玉/薯套作平均高28.02%。The aim of this paper was to study the variation of interspecies competitiveness in two relay strip intercropping system： wheat-maize-soybean and wheat-maize-sweet potato.The character of biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake were examined for five cropping systems using years of field experiment.The cropping systems included three sole cropping systems（wheat-soybean,wheat-sweet potato and maize） and two relay strip intercropping systems（wheat/maize/soybean and wheat/maize/sweet potato）.Land equivalent ratio（LER）,aggressiveness（A）,and nutrition competition ratio（NCR） were introduced as indexes to evaluate the interspecies competitiveness in each treatment.The results showed that there was obvious relay strip intercropping advantage（LER1,Awc0,Acs0,NCRwc0,NCRcs1） in the wheat-maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system,maize occupied the dominant niche for the whole growing stage in the relay strip intercropping systems,and the interspecies competitiveness of wheat and soybean were lower than that of the maize.Comparing with the sole cropping systems and wheat-maize-sweet potato relay strip intercropping system,the grain yield and nitrogen uptake,total biomass and total nitrogen uptake above ground of crops were increased significantly at both flowering（or spinning） and maturity stages in the wheat-maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system.The values of biomass and nitrogen uptake for the relay strip intercropping system were greater than the sole cropping systems,and that of soybean stubble were greater than sweet potato stubble.The total economic returns of crops in the wheat/maize/soybean relay strip intercropping system was higher 28.02% than those of crops in the wheat/maize/sweet potato relay strip intercropping system.

关 键 词：小麦/玉米/大豆 套作 产量 氮素吸收 种间竞争力 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S513S565.1