塔里木沙漠公路防护林滴灌水分利用效率分析  

Water Use Efficiency of Shelterbelt along the Tarim Desert Highway under Drip Irrigation

作　　者：杜虎林[1] 鲍忠文[1,2] 金小军[3] 周宏伟[3] 孙书澎[2] 阎若森[3] 吴天长[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]中国石油塔里木油田分公司,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2012年第2期359-363,共5页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：中国石油塔里木油田分公司项目资助

摘　　要：塔里木沙漠公路防护林生态工程全长436km,是沙漠公路沿线一条重要的绿色长廊,沙漠公路防护林带以滴灌为主,灌溉水源就地开采沙漠公路沿线的地下咸水(3.26～26.65g.L-1),建有110眼灌溉机井,设计滴头流量为3.6L.h-1,每次灌水时间6h。针对沙漠公路防护林滴灌的灌水效率,开展了滴灌与根灌的对比灌溉试验,试验结果表明,滴灌水量转化成有效土壤水分的利用率不到50%,滴灌存在地表土壤水分蒸发损失、灌溉水有效利用率低等问题,为沙漠公路防护林提高灌水效率、提高灌溉水的有效利用率,提供科学依据。The ecological shelterbelt engineering along the Tarim Desert Highway with length of 436 km is an important 'green corridor' in the Taklimakan desert.The irrigation for desert highway shelterbelt depends on underground salty water mined in situ along the desert highway.There are 110 irrigation motor-pumped wells,and the designed irrigation flux is 3.6 L\5h-1 and the irrigation duration is 6 h.A comparative experiment of drip irrigation and root-zone irrigation were conducted in the study to assess the water use efficiency of drip irrigation of the desert highway shelterbelt.Results illustrated that the water use efficiency of drip irrigation was less than 50%,and there were several problems such as evaporation loss of water by surface soil layer,low water use efficiency,etc,in the application of drip irrigation along the Tarim Desert Highway.The research provides information on the improvement of irrigation water use efficiency in desert highway shelterbelt.

关 键 词：防护林 滴灌 水分 效率 塔里木沙漠公路 

分 类 号：S728.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]