水氮配置对华北冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系氮素利用及土壤硝态氮残留的影响  

The Effect of Water-nitrogen Regimes on the Nitrogen Utilization and Soil NO_3^-—N Residue of Winter Wheat-summer Maize System in the North China Plain

作　　者：徐杰[1] 陶洪斌[1] 宋庆芳[1] 王璞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,农业部作物栽培与耕作重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《华北农学报》2011年第4期153-158,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD16B15);国家玉米产业技术体系(CARS-02)

摘　　要：针对华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系存在过量的水、氮投入问题,本研究于2008-2010年在河北吴桥设置了传统水氮、传统水氮调整、节水减氮和最少水氮4个水氮模式,以分析减少水氮投入后冬小麦-夏玉米体系的产量、氮素利用和土壤氮残留情况。结果表明:与传统水氮相比,节水减氮模式的氮肥投入量下降55%,水分投入量下降36.6%,而产量与传统模式无显著差异;节水减氮模式下氮肥偏生产力为60.17 kg/kg,2 m土体土壤硝态氮残留量仅为99.3 kg/hm2。与传统水氮相比,周年施氮108 kg/hm2的最少水氮模式,周年总产量下降13%,氮肥偏生产力为78.96 kg/kg,土壤硝态氮残留量下降到42.8 kg/hm2。总体而言,与传统模式相比,节水减氮模式周年施氮270 kg/hm2,冬小麦季分别在拔节和开花期灌水,能够确保华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系的较高产量,并降低土壤硝态氮残留。Over-input of water and nitrogen is a common problem of the winter wheat-summer maize system in the North China Plain,thus a field experiment was conducted to analysis the yield,nitrogen utilization and soil NO3——N residue of this system after reduced resource input in Wuqiao of Hebei province in 2008-2010.Four treatments were included： Conventional input,Conventional input（Improvement）,Reduced input and Least input respectively.Compared with Conventional input pattern,N fertilization input decreased 55% and water input decreased by 36.6% of Reduced input pattern,while there was no significant difference on the yield between two patterns.Under Reduced input pattern,the PFP was 60.17 kg/kg,soil NO3——N residue was only 99.3 kg/ha in the 2 m soil profile.Under Least input pattern,the annual yield declined 13%,but nitrogen partial factor productivity was 1.78 kg/kg,soil NO3——N residue was only 42.8 kg/ha in the 2 m soil profile.In conclusion,reduced input pattern with fertilization amount of 270 N kg /ha was applied in annually and irrigation at blooming and jointing stage in winter wheat season,could assure the yield of winter wheat-summer maize rotation system,and simultaneously improve nitrogen use efficiency and reduce soil NO3——N residue.

关 键 词：冬小麦-夏玉米 氮肥利用效率 土壤硝态氮 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]