安徽省某农村地区儿童自尊水平及其影响因素分析  

Self-esteem status and its influencing factors among children in one rural area of Anhui Province in China

作　　者：韩腾伟[1] 杨林胜[1] 王铁柱[1] 顾超美[1] 孙莹[1] 曹庆庆[1] 陈明春[2] 孙业桓[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学系,合肥230032 [2]长丰县疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2012年第2期166-169,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：高校博士点基金(生物类)(200803660007);安徽省自然科学基金重点项目(090413131)

摘　　要：目的探讨儿童自尊现状及其影响因素,为进一步开展针对性心理健康教育及制定干预措施提供科学依据。方法整群抽取长丰县农村地区2 917名中小学生作为研究对象,运用自编的中小学生身心健康状况与相关生活经历调查问卷(包括儿童自尊量表、家庭功能量表、特质应对方式问卷和儿童社交焦虑量表等)进行调查。结果在2 917名中小学生中,留守儿童1 694名,占58.1%。协方差分析结果显示,仅在同时校正消极应对方式、家庭功能和社交焦虑3个变量时,留守儿童与非留守儿童的自尊水平差异有统计学意义(F协=3.942,P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析显示,高身高、学习成绩好、同伴关系亲密、多参加课外活动、父亲文化程度高、家庭功能与生活质量好、采取积极应对方式和处于留守状况下的儿童自尊水平较高,而处于社交焦虑和采取消极应对方式的儿童自尊水平较低。结论儿童自尊水平是多个生态子系统相关因素综合作用的结果,社会、学校、家庭等多方面相互协作、共同努力,有利于提高儿童自尊水平。Objective To explore the current status of children self-esteem and its influencing factors in one rural area of Anhui Province,so as to provide the basis for the development of self-esteem intervention program.Methods A total of 2 917 students were recruited as the subjects from Changfeng County of Anhui Province with cluster sampling method.Data were collected by using the Children＇s Self-Esteem Scale,the Family APGAR Index,the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire and the Social Anxiety Scale,etc.Results Among the participants,1 694 left-behind children,accounted for 58.1% of the total students,were surveyed.Data from the analysis of covariance showed that the difference of self-esteem between the left-behind children and other children was statistically significant（F=3.942,P0.05） only when adjusting the negative coping styles,social anxiety and family function simultaneously.Data from multivariable linear regression analysis showed that the children who had higher height,well academic achievement,well peer relationships,high cultural degree of father education,well family function,good quality of life,left-behind situation,attended extracurricular activities and taking positive coping styles were more vulnerable to promote the level of self-esteem;the children with low score of children＇s social anxiety and taking negative coping styles had lower level of self-esteem.Conclusion According to the ecological system development,many comprehensive effect factors of ecological subsystem are found to be involved in self-esteem among children.It is helpful to promote the level of self-esteem among children in rural area based on the cooperation of society,school and family,etc.

关 键 词：自我评价(心理学) 因素分析 统计学 学生 农村人口 

分 类 号：R395.6[哲学宗教—心理学] B844.1[医药卫生—医学心理学]