磷酸三丁酯从盐湖卤水中萃取锂的机理研究  

Study on mechanism of extraction of lithium from salt lake brine by tributylphosphate

作　　者：张燕辉[1,2] 李丽娟[1] 李晋峰[3] 姬连敏[1] 许庆仁[3] 陈光华[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院青海盐湖研究所中国科学院盐湖资源与化学重点实验室,青海西宁810008 [2]中国科学院研究生院 [3]中国科学院上海有机化学所中国科学院生命有机化学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《无机盐工业》2012年第3期12-15,24,共5页Inorganic Chemicals Industry

基　　金：青海省科技支撑计划项目(2011-G-206A)

摘　　要：以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)为萃取剂,磺化煤油为稀释剂,在六水合三氯化铁存在的条件下,从盐湖卤水中萃取锂。研究了TBP浓度对萃取率的影响,得到TBP最佳浓度为80%TBP+20%磺化煤油。通过斜率法、化学分析法、紫外光谱与红外光谱法,证实了锂离子(Li+)在溶液中与铁络阴离子(FeCl4-)形成铁氯络酸盐(LiFeCl4),LiFeCl4与TBP中的P O键作用配位形成二溶剂化物LiFeCl4.2TBP,从而达到与其他组分分离的目的。利用空腔理论阐述了萃取过程。Lithium was extracted from salt lake brine with tributylphoshate（TBP） as extraction reagent,sulfonated kerosene as diluent,and FeCl3·6H2O as co-extraction reagent.Effect of TBP concentration on extraction rate was investigated,and experimental results showed that the optimum concentrations of TBP and sulfonated kerosene were 80% and 20% respectively.Slope method,chemical analysis,UV and IR spectra confirmed that the lithium-ion（Li＋） in solution reacted with FeCl4-to form LiFeCl4,and LiFeCl4 coordinated with P O bonds of TBP to form LiFeCl4·2TBP,so as to achieve the separation of lithium with other components.Extraction process was overviewed by cavity theory.

关 键 词：磷酸三丁酯 萃取 锂 

分 类 号：TQ131.11[化学工程—无机化工]