苏北滨海盐土区稻田轮作的改良效应  

Improving Effect of Rice Crop Rotation in Coastal Solonchak Area of North Jiangsu

作　　者：王利民[1] 卜晓莉[2] 黄东风[1] 郑祥洲[1] 陈金林[3] 

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013 [2]南京林业大学化学工程学院,江苏南京210037 [3]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《江西农业学报》2012年第2期98-102,共5页Acta Agriculturae Jiangxi

基　　金：国家"十一五"林业科技支撑计划专题项目(2006BAD09A0406);福建省农业科学院博士科研启动基金项目(2010BS-7);福建省自然科学基金项目(2011J05057)

摘　　要：分别以耕种两年的稻-菜和稻-麦轮作地为研究对象,并以邻近未轮作的滨海盐土为对照,通过田间试验,研究稻田轮作对土壤理化及生物学性质的影响。结果表明:各稻田轮作对土壤均有程度不等的改良作用,尤以稻-菜轮作改良效果较佳,且上层土壤改良优于下层。与对照相比,稻-菜轮作0～20 cm土层的土壤密度、pH值和全盐量分别减小了13.42%、0.94和71.48%,有机质、蛋白酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和磷酸酶活性分别增加了0.48、0.61、3.50、0.17、8.11、4.50倍,细菌、真菌、放线菌和微生物总数增加了128.14、13.83、1.54、24.66倍。因此,稻-菜轮作可以降低盐分,改善土壤结构,增加有机质,提高土壤生物活性,是改良滨海盐土的有效措施。Taking rice-rape and rice-wheat rotation fields which have been tilled for two years as the tested objects,using the un-rotation coastal solonchak field nearby as the control,the effects of crop rotation in paddy field on the physicochemical and biological characteristics of the soil were studied by field test.The results indicated that the soil properties could be improved by different crop rotation systems,especially by rice-rape rotation system,and the ameliorative rate of the upper soil was better than that of the lower one.In comparison with the control,for the 0~20 cm soil layer of rice-rape rotation system,the soil density,pH-value and total salt content decreased by 13.42%,0.94 and 71.48% respectively;whereas the organic matter content,the activity of protease,urease,invertase,hydrogen peroxidase and phosphatase increased by 0.48,0.61,3.50,0.17,8.11 and 4.50 times respectively;the number of bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes and total microorganism increased by 128.14,13.83,1.54 and 24.66 times separately.It was concluded that rice-rape rotation system could improve soil structure,increase organic matter content and soil enzyme activity,and reduce the salt content,so it was considered as one of the effective measures for the soil amendment of coastal solonchak.

关 键 词：滨海盐土 轮作 物理性质 化学性质 生物学性质 改良作用 

分 类 号：S287[农业科学—农业水土工程]