水动反冲击力及其应用  

Hydrodynamic anti-impact force and its application

作　　者：陈振诚[1] 陈昕[1] 陈旸[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台流体力学小组,北京100012

出　　处：《船舶》2012年第1期21-25,共5页Ship & Boat

摘　　要：船艇迎浪前进时,在风浪冲击下,艏部会高高翘起、而后又在波谷中跌落,形成纵摇、拍击、颠簸、失速、航速下降、稳定安全性降低等缺点。为了克服这样的不良航态,必须在水动力流场中,造成克服这些弱点的水动力和相应的水动力矩沿船体合理分布。为此,提出设置不同于常规船艇的船底浸湿面外形,使之产生足够强大的水动反冲击力、水动升力及相应的水动航向稳定扶正力矩,确保船艇不偏离目标;凭借足够强大的的水动升力和相应的船艇纵向稳定扶正力矩,消除船艇的纵摇拍击;以相应的船体横向稳定扶正力矩来克服船艇的横摇摆动。最终确保船艇平稳高速地破浪前进。而在风浪中转弯时所激起的强大水动离心力、水动反冲击力、水动升力和相应的水动助回转力矩、水动抗船体向心倾覆扶正力矩又能使船艇以很小的回转半径高速、稳定、安全地在风浪中转弯。This paper researches into the trimming flaps which fitted on the planning hydrodynamic anti-impact force produced by diversion trench and bottom wetted area when the ship suffers the wave impact. It is well known that the stem would be lifted by the wave impact when the ship moves in head waves, after that the ship would fall down in the wave valley,which goes with the ship pitch,flap,toss,speed loss,stability and safety performance decrease. For the purpose of overcoming these shortcomings,a special shape of bottom wetted area must be set to produce strong enough hydrodynamic anti-impact force,hydrodynamic lift,corresponding hydrodynamic course stability righting force moment, hydrodynamic anti-rolling and anti-pitching righting force moment which keep the ship course stability,eliminate the pitch,flap as well as roll,enable the high speed and safety performance of ship in head waves.

关 键 词：水动反冲击力 水动升力 水动助回转力矩 水动航向稳定扶正力矩 水动抗船艇颠簸失速扶正力矩 水动抗船艇横摇摆动扶正力矩 

分 类 号：U661.1[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]