秦岭自然保护区群保护成本计量研究  

Measurement of Conservation Costs in Qinling Nature Reserve Group

作　　者：王昌海[1,2] 温亚利[2] 李强[2] 司开创 胡崇德[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,北京100091 [2]北京林业大学经济管理学院,北京100083 [3]周至国家级自然保护区管理局,陕西周至710400 [4]太白山国家级自然保护区管理局,陕西眉县722300

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2012年第3期130-136,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"自然保护区管理政策对农户家庭的生产;消费和资源利用方式影响研究"(编号:70803005);国家林业局保护司研究课题"区域发展对大熊猫自然保护区的影响研究"(编号:621720)

摘　　要：秦岭自然保护区群在我国生物多样性保护方面发挥了重要作用,学术界一直缺乏保护成本计量的研究。本研究在界定秦岭自然保护区群成本的概念及分析其内涵的基础上,综合运用专家咨询法及文献参考方法,建立了秦岭自然保护区群保护成本计量指标体系,利用市场价值法、等效替代法以及机会成本法等方法,对秦岭自然保护区群保护生物多样性的投入进行了成本计量及分析。结果表明:秦岭自然保护区群在保护生物多样性投入方面,总货币量约29.72亿元人民币,其中直接保护成本为2.59亿元;间接保护成本为2.00亿元;与周边区域密切相关的机会成本为25.13亿元。其中,机会成本的计量模型多样化,在学术界存在较多争议,但是,最终每种模型都能反映出机会成本的内涵的货币量,可以表达出我国政府为建立秦岭自然保护区群而付出的无形代价。The Qinling Nature Reserve Group （QNRG） has played an important role in biodiversity conservation in China. It is regret that few studies have been conducted on the measurement of conservation costs. To measure the biodiversity conservation costs in QNRG,market value method, equivalent substitution method and opportunity cost method were applied in the current paper. The concept and connotation of the cost of biodiversity conservation were defined and analyzed first to facilitate our measurement. Expert consultation method and literature references method were also used to construct the index system of cost accounting. Results indicated a total of 2972 million Yuan（RMB） was spent on the biodiversity conservation in QNRG, among which direct cost, indirect cost and opportunity cost were respectively 259 million Yuan（ RMB）, 200 million Yuan （RMB） and 2 513 million Yuan （RMB）. The current proposed indices and methods can be served as references for the staff working on the measurement and evaluation of the costs of biodiversity conservation in QNRG and other similar reserve groups.

关 键 词：秦岭自然保护区群 生物多样性保护 保护成本内涵 成本计量 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]