第四等级报刊观念:基于历史文本的解读  

The Concept of the Press as Fourth Estate:An Analysis based on Historical Archives

作　　者：张妤玟[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学新闻传播学院,西安710069

出　　处：《国际新闻界》2012年第2期51-57,共7页Chinese Journal of Journalism & Communication

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目的阶段性成果;立项编号:11XXW007

摘　　要：在19世纪中期的英国,报刊作为第四等级与其他三个等级抗衡的力量得以充分的彰显。那么,在当时人们的心目中,作为第四等级的报刊应当享有怎样的政治与社会地位?当报刊被赋予这样的地位时,人们期待它能够起什么样的作用并扮演什么样的角色?本文通过英国报刊史上若干篇重要文献,包括1852年《泰晤士报》的两篇社论、19世纪英国报刊史两部专著,以及1855年《泰晤士报》主笔瑞夫《报刊》一文等,分析了19世纪中期的英国报刊史学家以及报人们是怎样理解第四等级报刊观念的。In the mid-19th century, the press was regarded as the fourth estate in UK and it acted as a counterweight to the other three estates. Based on the textual analysis of some important historical archives including two editorials from The Times in 1852, the first two monographs on British press history in the 19th century and an influential article The Newspaper Press by The Times chief editor Henry Reeve in 1855, this paper attempts to answer the following questions： when the press was considered as the fourth estate in the mid-19th century, what kind of political and social status did the press enjoy？ What kind of role the press was expected to play？ It also analyses how British press historians and journalists understood the concept of the press as fourth estate in the mid-19th century.

关 键 词：报刊功用 第四等级 新闻自由 记者与政治家 

分 类 号：G219.561[文化科学—新闻学]