2010年全国重点水域血吸虫感染哨鼠监测预警情况分析  

Surveillance and forecast of Schistosoma japonicum-infected sentinel mice in key water regions of China in 2010

作　　者：郑浩[1] 孙乐平[2] 朱蓉[1] 涂祖武[3] 李以义[4] 杨卫平[5] 辜小南 吴子松[7] 冯锡光[8] 杨坤[2] 李石柱[1] 许静[1] 郭家钢[1] 陈朝[9] 周晓农[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所卫生部寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室世界卫生组织疟疾、血吸虫病和丝虫病合作中心,上海200025 [2]江苏省血吸虫病防治研究所 [3]湖北省疾病预防控制中心 [4]湖南省血吸虫病防治所 [5]安徽省血吸虫病防治研究所 [6]江西省寄生病防治研究所 [7]四川省疾病预防控制中心 [8]云南省地方病防治所 [9]卫生部疾病预防控制局

出　　处：《中国血吸虫病防治杂志》2012年第1期5-9,F0003,共6页Chinese Journal of Schistosomiasis Control

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2008ZX10004-11、2012ZX10004-22)

摘　　要：目的探索血吸虫病监测预警的方法与手段,为提高血吸虫病监测预警系统的敏感性提供科学依据。方法在湖南、湖北、江西、安徽、江苏、云南和四川7个省选择血吸虫病易感重点水域,采用哨鼠尾蚴测定法,分别于2010年6月和9月开展2次现场检测。哨鼠在实验室饲养后解剖观察血吸虫感染情况,建立全国重点水域血吸虫感染性数据库,分析哨鼠监测预警阳性点的时空分布和环境特点等情况。结果 2010年6月和9月在7个省34个县(市、区)检测了72个点。共投放哨鼠2667只,回收哨鼠2613只,总回收率为97.98%;共检出17个阳性点,阳性点出现率为23.61%,其中6月份阳性点出现率为17.24%(10/58),9月份阳性点出现率为14.71%(10/68),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.151,P=0.698)。共解剖哨鼠2436只,检出阳性哨鼠90只,检获血吸虫459条,哨鼠总感染率为3.69%,阳性鼠平均虫负荷为5.10条/鼠。6月份哨鼠感染率为2.82%(31/1099),阳性鼠平均虫负荷为2.45条/鼠;9月份哨鼠感染率为4.41%(59/1337),阳性鼠平均虫负荷为6.49条/鼠,9月份哨鼠感染率显著高于6月份(χ2=14.681,P<0.01)。当年有感染性钉螺、上年有感染性钉螺和近3年无感染性钉螺环境哨鼠阳性点检出率分别为29.63%、41.67%和12.12%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=5.227,P=0.071);上述3类环境哨鼠感染率分别为9.38%、3.98%和0.59%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.489,P<0.01)。结论重点水域哨鼠感染监测结果能基本反映当地血吸虫病疫情,对近年未查出感染性钉螺的环境仍能检出较多阳性。采用哨鼠测定法在重点水域进行监测预警将显著提高血吸虫病监测预警系统的敏感性。Objective To explore the approach and tool for surveillance and forecast of schistosomiasis, so as to provide scientific evidence for improving the sensitivity of the surveillance and forecast system of schistosomiasis. Methods Two field detections were carried out in June and September by using the determination of sentinel mice in key high-risk water regions of 7 provinces of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Sichuan, and the sentinel mice were raised in laboratory and dissected for observation of schistosome infections. The database regarding schisosome infections in key water regions of China was established, and the tempo-spatial distribution and environmental features of the national surveillance and forecast sites with positive sentinel mice were analyzed. Results A total of 72 surveillance and forecast sites were detected in 34 counties （cities, districts） of 7 provinces. Of the 2 667 sentinel mice placed, 2 613 were recovered, with a recovery rate of 97.98%. Among the 72 sites detected, 17 were detected with positive sentinel mice, and the occurrence rate of positive sites was 23.61%. The occurrence rate was 17.24% （10/58） in June and 14.71% （10/68） in September, and no significant difference was observed between two batches （[χ2]= 0.151, P = 0.698）. Of the 2 436 sentinel mice dissected, 90 were positive, and 459 schistosome worms were collected, with a total infection rate of 3.69%, and the mean worm burdens of positive mice were 5.10 worms per mouse. The infection rate of sentinel mice was 2.82% （31/1 099） in June and 4.41% （58/1 337） in September, the infection rate of sentinel mice was significantly higher in September than that in Juen （[χ2] = 14.681, P 0.01）, and the mean worm burdens of infected sentinel mice were 2.45 worms per mouse in June and 6.49 worms per mouse in September. The occurrence rates of the positive sites with infected snails detected in the study year, last year and without infected snails detected in recent 3 years were 29.63%, 41.6

关 键 词：血吸虫病 哨鼠 重点水域 监测 预警 监测技术 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]