壁虎脚底毛黏附机制的生物学效应  

Biomechanism of Adhesion in Gecko Setae

作　　者：郭策[1] 孙久荣[2] 戈应滨[3] 王文波[1] 王大朋[4] 戴振东[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学仿生结构与材料防护研究所,南京210016 [2]北京大学生命科学学院,北京100871 [3]南京医科大学基础医学院生理学系,南京210029 [4]中国科学院合肥智能机械研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2012年第2期135-142,共8页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(批准号:2011CB302106);国家自然科学基金(批准号:51175249;61175105;51105201);国家自然科学基金重点项目(批准号:60535020)资助

摘　　要：壁虎具有高超的攀爬能力.目前,关于壁虎脚底毛黏附机制的范德华力假说已得到国内外学术界广泛的认同.利用自行研制的二维摩擦磨损实验机对3种不同状态下的壁虎脚底毛的黏附力进行了测试和比较分析;同时利用细胞组织学技术观测了壁虎脚底毛的形态构筑,并通过生理解剖和神经电生理学技术观测了壁虎脊神经分支对壁虎脚在黏附-脱附过程中的运动调控.结果表明,清醒和麻醉状态下的壁虎脚底毛以及离体的壁虎脚底毛黏附力大小存在明显差异;壁虎脚底毛存在两种不同发育状态:毛囊细胞和毛囊已退化的刚毛样结构,作为毛囊细胞突起的壁虎脚底毛在黏-脱附过程中可能产生生物电或生物电的变化,从而参与壁虎脚黏-脱附机制和转换过程;壁虎脚的神经-肌肉组织能够调控壁虎脚产生黏附-脱附过程中的3种典型运动模式.本研究表明,壁虎脚底毛黏附机制中存在着生物学因素,指出范得华力假说的局限性,为进一步揭示壁虎脚底毛的黏附机制,制备仿生刚毛群提供了理论依据.The study of the adhesion of millions of setae on the toes of geckos has been advanced in recent years with the emergence of new technology and measurement methods.The theory of the mechanism of adhesion by van der Waals forces is now accepted and broadly understood.However,this paper presents limitations of this theory and gives a new hypothesis of the biomechanism of gecko adhesion.The findings are obtained through measurements of the magnitude of the adhesion of setae under three different conditions,to show the close relationship between adhesion and status of the setae.They are reinforced by demonstrating two setal structures,follicle cells and hair,the former making the setae capable of producing bioelectrical charges,which play an important role in attachment and detachment processes.It is shown that the abundant muscular tissues at the base of the setae cells,which are controlled by peripheral nerves,are instrumental in producing the foot movement involved in attachment and detachment.Our study will further uncover the adhesion mechanism of geckos,and provide new ideas for designing and fabricating synthetic setae.

关 键 词：壁虎刚毛 黏附力 生物学机制 微结构 仿生学 

分 类 号：Q811.1[生物学—生物工程]