从“五明性”到“五明大供”  

From “Five Light-natures” to “Great Offering of Five Lights”

作　　者：马小鹤[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]哈佛大学燕京学院 [2]复旦大学文史研究院

出　　处：《史林》2012年第1期36-48,187-188,共13页Historical Review

基　　金：复旦大学亚洲研究中心资助课题的研究成果之一

摘　　要：根据摩尼教教义,五明(清净气、妙风、明力、妙水和妙火)与窣路沙罗夷(即卢舍那)等神一起囚禁五类魔。魔鬼以五明禁于肉身作为反击。最后惠明将五明从骨城、筋城、脉城、肉城和皮城中解脱出来。我们可以将此教义与福建省霞浦县新发现的一本民间宗教小册子里的"五明大供"作一比较:毗卢佛(即卢舍那)作为法中王出现。妙气佛、妙风佛、妙明佛、妙水佛和妙火佛分别与真如、光明、智慧、清净和大力对应。他们应当从骨城、筋城[、脉城、肉城和皮城]想。只要我们剥去"五明大供"的民间宗教外衣,其核心为摩尼教教义就非常清楚了。According to Manichaean doctrine, the five lights-Pure Air, Wonderful Wind, Light-power, Wonderful Water and Wonderful Fire with Srao? (i.e. Vairocana) and other gods imprison five kinds of demons. The demons imprison the five lights in the carnal body as a counterattack. At last Light-Nous frees the five lights from cities of bones, sinews, arteries, flesh and skin. We can compare this doctrine with 'Great Offering of Five Lights'-a part of a folk religion booklet recently discovered in Xiapu Country, Fujian Province: Pilu Buddha (i. e. Vairocana) appears as king of the law. Wonderful Air Buddha, Wonderful Wind Buddha, Wonderful Light Buddha, Wonderful Water Buddha and Wonderful Fire Buddha match bhūtatathatā (absoluteness), Light, Wisdom, Purity and Great Power respectively. They should be considered from cities of bones, sinews [, arteries, flesh and skin] respectively. It is clear that the core of 'Great Offering of Five Lights' is Manichaean doctrine after we peel off its clothes of folk religion.

关 键 词：摩尼教 五明 霞浦文书 中古波斯文文书 

分 类 号：B98[哲学宗教—宗教学]