运动协调的定量方法以及在专项技术分析领域的研究进展  

Quantitative Methods and Research Status of Motor Coordination in Sport Skills

作　　者：林辉杰[1,2] 严波涛[3] 刘占锋[3] 许崇高[3] 梁海丹[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院研究生部,上海200438 [2]台州学院体育学院,浙江临海317000 [3]西安体育学院,陕西西安710068

出　　处：《体育科学》2012年第3期81-91,共11页China Sport Science

基　　金：国家体育总局重点实验室项目(2011B025);国家体育总局奥运会科技攻关与服务项目(2011A018)

摘　　要：人体的运动协调问题一直受到多个研究领域的关注。Bernstein运动协调观与运动协调的动态系统理论被广泛应用于解释运动协调的形成、发展、特征中,成为研究运动协调的主要理论基础。依据这些理论基础,针对不同类型研究的需要,设计了多种运动协调的定量方法来客观展现人体的协调运动,这些方法都具有各自的优缺点。目前,在专项技术分析领域中,对专项技术中肢体协调层面的研究较多,在多种专项技术中都发现了一些高效的运动协调方式。尽管这些运动协调方式各有不同,但是展现出一些共性的特征。此外,在优秀运动员的技术中,具有较大的肢体协调变异性,这些变异性是肌肉-骨骼复杂系统灵活性的体现,有利于运动任务的实现。在关节动力学、肌肉活动等层面中运动协调的研究相对较少。专项技术中运动协调的研究趋势有:1)由于运动技术种类繁多,各自特征不同,对运动协调的研究将会涉及到更多的运动项目中;2)应用动态系统理论,进一步探索优秀运动员技术中运动协调变异性对专项技术的作用;3)应用动态系统理论,拓展对专项技术中运动协调控制变量的研究;4)拓展在优秀运动员专项技术中关节动力学、肌肉活动等更深层面中运动协调特征的研究。Motor coordination is a hot topic of research in many areas. Theories of Bernstein and dynamic system are the basic theories of motor coordination, which always are used to interpret motor coordination＇s formation, development, and characteristics. According to these theories, many quantitative methods has been designed to describe motor coordination objectively, all of which have its merit and demerit. Recently, there limb or intra-limb coordination among many sport conomic coordination patterns. There are various have many researches on the level of inter- techniques, which have found some more e- coordination patterns, but they have some common characteristics. Moreover, inter or intra limb coordination variability is larger in the elite athlete~ s technique, it may reflect the flexibility of muscular-skeletal system, which is good for achieving movement task. There are few researches on the level of inter muscle or joint moment of force coordination in sport techniques, however, which still have found some more economic coordination patterns. The research trends of motor coordination in this area as follows ： 1） due to variety of sport techniques, which have different characteristics, the research of motor coordination will be on more sport techniques; 2） making a further research on coor- dination variability based on theory of dynamical system, especially on elite athlete; 3） explo- ring more the control parameters of motor coordination in sport techniques; 4） expanding the research on the level of inter muscle or joint moment of force coordination in elite athlete ~ s technique.

关 键 词：专项技术 运动协调 定量方法 研究进展 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]