施钾方式对棉花叶片抗氧化酶活性、产量及钾肥利用效率的影响  

Effect of Potassium Application Methods on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities, Yield, and Potassium Use Efficiency of Cotton

作　　者：李宗泰[1] 陈二影[1] 张美玲[1] 赵庆龙[1] 许晓龙[1] 姬红[1] 宋宪亮[1] 孙学振[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《作物学报》2012年第3期487-494,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD11B01,2011BAD11B02);国家转基因生物新品种培育重大专项(2009ZX08005-010B-2);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(2009,2010);山东省农业良种工程重大课题(2008LZ03,2009LZ03,2010LZ005-01)资助

摘　　要：在大田试验条件下,以鲁棉研28为试验材料,研究不施钾肥(CK)、一次性基施硫酸钾(T1)、分次(1/2基施,1/2于花铃期追施)施用硫酸钾(T2)、一次性基施控释复合肥(T3)4个处理的棉花叶片保护酶活性、产量及钾肥利用效率变化。结果表明,与不施钾处理相比,施钾可显著增加叶片叶绿素、可溶性蛋白含量,降低MDA含量,提高SOD、CAT活性(叶龄30、45、60d),降低POD活性(叶龄30、45d),提高籽棉产量和皮棉产量;与一次性基施硫酸钾和控释复合肥相比,分次(1/2基施、1/2花铃期追施)施用硫酸钾可显著提高叶片可溶性蛋白含量(叶龄30、45、60d)和SOD(叶龄15、30、45d)、CAT(叶龄15、30d)活性,降低MDA含量(叶龄30、45、60d)和POD活性(叶龄30d),提高籽棉产量、皮棉产量和钾肥生产效率。本试验条件下,分次(1/2基施、1/2花铃期追施)施用硫酸钾是兼顾高产高效的施肥方式。With application of modern cotton （Gossyium hirsutum L.） varieties including Bt （Bacillus thuringiensis） transgenic cotton, premature senescence caused by potassium （K） deficiency has become an important problem in cotton production in the Yellow River Valley of China. Field trials were conducted in 2009 and 2010 using Lumianyan 28. Four treatments consisting of no potassium （CK）, basal application of potassium sulfate （T1）, split application （1/2 basal dressing and 1/2 top-dressing at blossom-ing and boll forming stage） of potassium sulfate （T2）, basal application of controlled-released compound fertilizers （T3） were designed. The same amount of potassium was applied with 150 kg K2O ha–1 in each fertilizer treatment. The results indicated that application of potassium significantly increased chlorophyll and soluble protein contents, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and cata-lase （CAT） activities （at the leaf ages of 30, 40, and 60 days）, seed cotton yield and lint yield, as compared with CK. Moreover, application of potassium produced significantly lower malondialdehyde （MDA） content and peoxidase （POD） activity （at the leaf ages of 30 and 45 days）, as compared with CK. Split application （1/2 basal dressing and 1/2 top-dressing at blossoming and boll forming stage） of potassium sulfate significantly increased soluble protein content （at the leaf ages of 30, 40, and 60 days）, SOD （at the leaf ages of 15, 30, and 45 days） and CAT （at the leaf ages of 15 and 30 days） activities, seed cotton yield, lint yield and potassium use efficiency, and produced significantly lower MDA content （at the leaf ages of 30, 45, and 60 days） and POD acti- vity （at the leaf age of 30 days）, as compared with basal application of potassium sulfate and controlled-released compound ferti- lizers, respectively. As far as high yield and high efficiency concerned in the experiment, the most appropriate potassium fertiliza-tion for recommendation is treatment T2 with

关 键 词：棉花 施钾方式 内源保护酶活性 产量 钾肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]