向日葵黑茎病菌主要生物学特性及致病性研究  

Research on Main Biological Characteristics and Pathological Characteristics of Phoma macdonaldii Boerema

作　　者：轩娅萍[1] 郭庆元[1] 吴喜莲[1] 陈为民[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]伊犁职业技术学院,伊宁835000

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2011年第6期494-500,共7页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30960217)

摘　　要：采用传统生物学方法,对向日葵黑茎病菌(Phoma macdonaldii Boerema)主要生物学特性及致病特性进行了系统研究。生物学特性研究表明,向日葵黑茎病菌在PSA等多种常用培养基上均能生长,以PSA培养基最适;病菌生长温度范围为5～35℃,最适生长温度为25℃,致死温度为50℃;较适宜的酸碱范围为pH5.0～7.7,最适宜的pH值为6.0;光照有利于分生孢子器形成;高湿条件下有利于病菌对寄主的侵染致病。研究结果表明,向日葵黑茎病菌为非专性寄生菌,对营养、温度、酸碱适应范围广,环境适应性较强,喜偏酸环境;自然条件下,自苗期开始整个生育期均可侵染,可侵染向日葵地上各部,并可侵染种子造成种子带菌;人工接种条件下,高湿及有伤接种有利于侵染和发病。Phoma rnacdonaldii Boerema is a newly discovered and quarantined plant disease in China. In this study ,the traditional biological methods were used to explore main biological characteristics and path- ological characteristics of Phoma macdonaldii Boerma. Research on biological characteristics shows that the pathogens of Phoma macdonaldii Boerema can adapt themselves to many kinds of commonly used me diums; among them,PSA is the most suitable medium;the pathogen＇s growth temperature range is from 5 °C to 35 °C ,the optimum growth temperature is 25 °C ,it＇s lethal temperature is 50 °C ; the more suitable acid and alkaline range is pH5.0-7.7,the optimum pH value is 6.0; light helps pycnidium to be formed; High moisture conditions are beneficial to the pathogen infecting and causing disease. The results of these studies show that the pathogen of Phoma macdonaldii Boerema is non-obligate fungus; it has wider suita- bility in acid and alkaline range, temperature and nutrition, namely it has stronger adaptability to the envi- ronment,but the dilute acid environment is more adapt to it＇s growth; in natural conditions in host＇s whole growth period it can infect sunflowers since the seedling stage beginning, and it can infect all parts above the soil surface of the hosts, including seeds of the sunflower and cause seeds to carry pathogens; under the artificial inoculation conditions, high moisture and wound-infection are beneficial to the pathogen infecting and causing disease.

关 键 词：向日葵黑茎病菌 病原菌 生物学特性 致病性 

分 类 号：S435.655[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]