防寒措施对越橘越冬微环境和越冬性的影响  

Effect of winter protection methods on the microenvironment and winter hardiness of blueberry

作　　者：乌凤章[1] 王贺新[1,2] 韩慧[1] 郭峰 

机构地区：[1]大连大学综合研究中心,辽宁大连116622 [2]大连森茂现代农业有限公司,辽宁大连116112

出　　处：《果树学报》2012年第2期278-282,共5页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅高等学校科研项目(2009A063);大连市科技计划项目(2010B13NC071)

摘　　要：以高丛越橘蓝丰为试材,研究了不同防寒措施对大连地区越橘生长微环境变化规律和越冬性的影响。结果表明,2007-2008年冬春大连地区露地极端最低温度、冷驯化及脱驯化期间的最低温度均高于同期越橘能够忍受的最低温度,但露地防寒越橘越冬伤害严重,枝条长度枯死率达53.46%,花芽完全枯死。与对照相比,黑塑料袋外置稻草、黑塑料袋防寒对越冬期间日最低温度、日平均温度、日最高温度影响不大,但明显提高了空气相对湿度,枝条含水量保持在较高水平,1 a生枝条长度及花芽枯死率均较低,防寒效果较好;透明塑料套袋降低了日最低温度,提高了日平均温度、日最高温度和日温度变幅,空气相对湿度略高于对照,越冬后枝条含水量略高于对照,枝条长度及花芽枯死率较高,防寒效果较差。这说明影响大连地区越橘越冬的主要原因是水分胁迫。Taking high-bush blueberry Bluecrop as test materials, the effect of different winter protection methods on the microenvironmental changes and 6verwintering ability of blueberry in Dalian was studied in this paper. The results show that, in winter and spring from 2007 to 2008 in Dalian, the extreme mini- mum outdoor temperature and the minimum temperature during cold acclimation and deacclimation were higher than the minimum temperature tolerated by blueberry in the same period, but outdoor planting may cause serious injury to the overwintering blueberry in such an extent that the shoot length death rate might achieve 53.46%, and the flower buds might be completely dead. Compared with controls, the cold-proof- ing with straw outside black plastic bag or with black plastic bags had little effect on the minimum daily temperature, the average daily temperature and the maximum daily temperature during the overwintering, but significantly improved the relative air humidity, so that the water content of shoots could be maintained at a high level, the length of one-year-old shoots and the death rate of flower buds could be maintained at a low level and the cold-proofing effect was better. The transparent plastic bagging reduced the daily mini- mum temperature, increased the daily average temperature, the daily maximum temperature and the daily temperature amplitude, so that the relative air humidity could be slightly higher than controls, the water content of the overwintered shoots could be slightly higher than controls, the length of one-year-old shoots and the death rate of flower buds could be maintained at a low level and the cold-proofing effect could be- come better. This showed that the cranberry overwintering in Dalian was mainly due to water stress.

关 键 词：越橘 越冬抽条 越冬性 微环境 

分 类 号：S663.6[农业科学—果树学]