不同管理方式竹林坡地降雨径流中氮磷流失特性模拟试验  

Simulation Rainfall Experiment of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in Surface Runoff from Bamboo Forest Slopes Land Under Different Managements

作　　者：张丽萍[1] 张锐波[2] 吴希媛[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点实验室/污染环境修复与生态健康教育部重点实验室,杭州310029 [2]浙江大学城市学院,杭州310015

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第6期1-6,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：浙江省低丘缓坡水土流失防治对策研究项目(RI0701)

摘　　要：针对不同管理方式竹林坡地水土流失过程中携带养分流失的特征,于2008年和2009年在浙江省临安市和安吉县,分别选择用材竹林坡地和挖笋竹林坡地,建立径流小区(面积3m×1.5m,坡度20°),设计用材林不锄草、清鞭和施肥,笋林地除草清鞭每年1次和2年1次、每年施肥1次,共3种管理方式,采用人工模拟降雨的试验手段,设定6个降雨强度(0.53～1.90mm/min),定时采集径流泥沙样,测试径流中的总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)含量,研究不同管理方式下竹林地N和P的流失过程特征,分析流失差异的原因。结论如下:(1)在相同管理方式下,径流中TN和TP的流失量随雨强在增加,以雨强为1.01mm/min为界,小于该雨强时增加量很微弱,大于这一雨强时增加速率很快;(2)在相同雨强作用下,笋竹林地径流中TN的流失量是用材竹林地的3～7倍,但径流中TP的流失量却略小于用材竹林地的流失量;(3)泥沙中TP的流失量,笋竹林地是用材竹林地的数百倍;(4)在N和P随径流泥沙的流失过程中,产流前期浓度起主要作用,后期径流量和产沙量起决定作用。研究结果可为竹林地管理、笋用竹林地锄草、清鞭和施肥的科学合理安排提供参考依据。The management methods of bamboo forest were divided into three types. They were non-till bam- boo timber forest （BTF）,bamboo shoots forest with once clearing weeds and bamboo subterranean stem for one year （BSF-1） and for two years （BSF-2）. The loss processes experiments of total nitrogen （TN） and to- tal phosphorus （TP） were conducted on bamboo forest slope fields under different managements in Lin＇an and Anji counties of Zhejiang province in 2008 and 2009. The testing runoff plots were designed with the slope of 20°,the area of 3 m X 1. 5 m, respectively on the different management bamboo forest slope lands. The experimental method of using rainfall simulator was taken, simulated rainfall intensity of 0. 53 -1.90 mm/min for 30-60 min from runoff occurring. The process characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus loss were analyzed on the basis of simulated rainfall of 8 sets. Some conclusions were obtained as following： （1）In the same management ways,the loss amount of TN and TP in surface runoff increased as the rainfall intensity increased. When the rainfall intensity 〉 10.1 mm/min,the increasing speed of TN and TP loss amount were faster,when the rainfall intensity ≤10.1 mm/min,the increasing speed of TN and TP loss amount were slo- wer. （2）Under the same rainfall intensity,the loss amount of TN in surface runoff from BSF plots were 3- 7 times as from BTF plots. But the loss amount of TP in surface runoff from BSF plots were less than from BTF plots. （3）On the BSF plots,the loss amount of TP creasing than on the BTF plots. （4）In the loss processes tion of TN and TP acted as important factor in the initial in sediment was very greater with hundredfold in- of TN and TP in the surface runoff,the eoncentra- stage, runoff and sediment took the leading part in the later stage. The above results could be provided some scientific basis for bamboo forest management.

关 键 词：用材竹林 笋竹林 人工模拟降雨 氮磷流失 浓度 径流 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]