灌溉与施肥对稻田氮磷径流流失的影响  

Effects of Irrigation and Fertilization on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Runoff from Paddy Field

作　　者：张丽娟[1] 马友华[1] 石英尧[1] 朱小红[1] 汪丽婷[1] 马中文[1] 方瑞元[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源环境与信息技术研究所,合肥230036

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第6期7-12,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201003014-2);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07103-002)

摘　　要：通过大田试验探索不同灌溉模式下氮肥分次施用对稻田氮磷径流流失的影响。结果表明,传统灌溉条件下,不同施肥处理总氮、总磷流失量分别约为4.41～17.85kg/hm2和0.28～0.44kg/hm2,其氮、磷流失率分别为3.2%和0.17%。相对于传统灌溉,间歇灌溉模式下的氮、磷流失量分别降低了约22.99%和10.01%,其氮肥流失率降低了1%,磷肥流失率与其大致相当。通过研究得出,间歇灌溉各施肥处理下小区产量较传统灌溉的平均增产约7.35%。在间歇灌溉条件下氮肥分四次施用处理下的径流氮、磷流失量相对较低,且增产效果明显。The article explored the influence of nitrogen fertilizer application with several times unaer allier- ent irrigation modes on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in paddy fields under field experiment condition. The results indicated that the runoff of total nitrogen and phosphorus was between 4.41-17.85 kg/hm^2 and 0.28 -0.44 kg/hm2 under different fertilizer treatments with traditional irrigation respectively. The loss percent- age of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer was respectively about 3.2% and 0.17%. Compared to traditional irrigation, the average loss of total nitrogen and phosphorus relative were reduced by 22.99% and 10.01% under intermit irrigation, with only one percentage point loss of the of nitrogen fertilizer and with the same loss of total phosphorus. It was included that the yield of intermit irrigation was higher about 7.350% than that of traditional irrigation. The treatment of nitrogen with four times application under the intermit irriga- tion would decrease the runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus and could increase the yield.

关 键 词：灌溉 施肥 稻田 径流 氮磷流失 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学] S147.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]