氮肥与双氰胺配施对棚室黄瓜生长及土壤氮素淋失的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer and DCD on Cucumber Growth and Nitrate Leaching Loss from Soil in Greenhouse

作　　者：聂文静[1] 李博文[1] 郭艳杰[1,3] 刘微[2] 韩晓莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学资源与环境学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北大学化学与环境科学学院,河北保定071002 [3]林肯大学土壤环境质量中心,新西兰基督城

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第6期13-17,22,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：河北省国际科技合作计划项目(10397110D)

摘　　要：以传统水氮管理为对照,进行优化水氮管理条件下氮肥与双氰胺配施对大棚黄瓜氮肥利用效率、氮素淋洗损失及黄瓜产量与品质的影响研究。结果表明,与传统水氮管理相比,优化水氮管理虽然减少了氮肥用量及灌水量,但黄瓜产量与传统处理无显著差异,黄瓜硝酸盐含量显著低于传统处理的硝酸盐含量。随追肥及灌水次数增加,优化水氮管理0-60cm土层硝态氮呈增加趋势,60cm以下各土层不同时期变幅较小,W2N2+DCD、W2N3+DCD、W2N4+DCD的变化范围分别为6.09～33.36mg/kg,19.03～29.28mg/kg,14.98～25.46mg/kg,表明氮肥中添加DCD有效抑制了NO3--N向下层土壤的淋洗。初瓜期、盛瓜期、末瓜期各处理0-180cm土层硝态氮积累量大小顺序为W1N1>W2N3+DCD>W2N2+DCD>W2N4+DCD>W1N0。施用氮肥及DCD处理的表层土壤铵态氮含量显著高于W1N1的铵态氮含量。W2N4+DCD比传统水氮处理氮肥用量减少56.88%,灌水量减少33.30%,初瓜期、盛瓜期、末瓜期比传统水氮处理硝态氮累积量分别减少62.93%,74.42%,69.35%,极大降低土壤氮素的淋洗风险,综合来看其经济效益与环境效益最佳。Effects of applying different nitrogen fertilizer or water and DCD on cucumber yield, quality and ni- trate leaching loss in soil were studied in greenhouse. The results showed that there was no significant differ- ence in cucumber yield of the conventional water and nitrogen management and optimize water and nitrogen management, with sidedressed N input in comparison with conventional water and nitrogen management. Ni- trate content in cucumber in optimize water and nitrogen management was significantly lower than that in W1N1. Furthermore, nitrate-nitrogen within 0-60 cm soil layers in optimize water and nitrogen manage- ment increased with more nitrogen fertilizer and water application, below 60 cm soil layer, nitrate-nitrogen content did not change significantly with cucumber growth. W2N2 ＋DCD, W2N3＋ DCD, W2N4＋ DCD range over 6.09 to 33.36 mg/kg, 19.03 to 29.28 mg/kg, 14.98 to 25.46 mg/kg, respectively. It showed that adding DCD in nitrogen effectively suppressed nitrate-nitrogen leaching to deep soil layer. The order of nitrate-nitrogen accumulation in 0- 180 cm soil layers was WlNI〉 W2N3 ＋ DCD〉 W2 N2 ＋ DCD〉 W2N4 ＋ DCD〉W1N0, consistently, during three cucumber growth periods. As applying nitrogen fertilizer and DCD, ammonia-nitrogen content was significantly higher than that of WlN1 in surface soil. W2N4＋DCD decreased the N input and irrigation water by 56.88% and 33.30% in comparison with conventional water and nitrogen management. Compared with conventional water and nitrogen management, W2N4-kDCD significantly re- duced the risk of nitrogen leaching with 62.93%, 74.42%, 69.35% nitrate-nitrogen accumulation, respec-tively, in three cucumber stages. Overall, W2N4＋DCD showed the best economic benefit and environmental benefit among different treatments.

关 键 词：氮 DCD大棚黄瓜 硝态氮淋失 

分 类 号：S157.41[农业科学—土壤学] S158.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]