活性炭对土壤入渗、蒸发特性及养分淋溶损失的影响  

Influence of Active Carbon on Soil Infiltration and Evaporation Characteristics and Nutrient Leaching Loss

作　　者：方圆[1,2] 冯浩[1,2,3] 操信春[1,2] 丁奠元[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学中国旱区节水农业研究院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第6期23-26,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十二五"863计划课题(2011AA100503);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金

摘　　要：通过室内土柱模拟试验,设置活性炭质量分数为0%(对照),0.1%,0.3%,0.6%,0.9%及1.2%共6个处理,研究不同活性炭施入量对土壤入渗、蒸发特性及养分淋溶损失的影响。结果显示:随着活性炭用量的增加,土壤入渗能力先增强后减弱;100min时,施加0.3%活性炭的土壤累积入渗量达到最大,高于对照的10.60%,而施加1.2%活性炭的土壤累积入渗量较对照的减少5.70%;33d的土壤累积蒸发量随着活性炭施用量的增大而逐渐减小,与对照的相比最大减小量达21.35%;土壤淋溶液中硝态氮(NO3-)、土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)的浓度随活性炭用量增大而减小,与对照的相比最大减小量分别为8.52%和47.11%。活性炭的施加对提高旱区农田蓄水保肥能力有重要意义。Soil columns experiment was used to investigate the effects of active carbon application on soil infiltration, evaporation characteristics and leaching loss of nutrients. There were six treatments with different active carbon＇s contents：0%（the control treatment）, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9% and 1.2%. The results showed that：A- long with the increase of active carbon application, the soil infiltration increased to a certain degree and then declined. After 100 minutes infiltration, the highest and lowest cumulative infiltration appeared in the 0.3 % and 1.2% treatment, about 10. 60% higher and 5. 7% lower than that of the control treatment, respectively. The cumulative soil evaporation in 33 days decreased with the increasing application of the active carbon, the maximum reduction was about 21.35 ~ compared to the control treatment~ s. The concentrations of NO;- and DOC in the soil leachate decreased with the increase of active carbon application, the maximum reduction be- ing 8.52%and 47.11% respectively compared to the control treatment＇ s. The application of active carbon was of great importance to increase soil available nutrients and water-holding eaDacitv in arid region.

关 键 词：活性炭 土壤 入渗 蒸发 养分淋溶 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S153.5[农业科学—农业基础科学]