仿真固沙灌木防风积沙效应的风洞模拟研究  

Simulation Effect of Preventing Wind and Combating Sand of Simulated Sand-fixing Shrub in Wind Tunnel Testing

作　　者：孙涛[1] 王继和[1] 满多清[1] 吴春荣[1] 刘虎俊[1] 马全林[1] 朱国庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省治沙研究所/甘肃省荒漠化与风沙灾害防治重点实验室培育基地,兰州730070

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第6期49-54,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：甘肃省科技重大专项(1002FKDA04);国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BAC054)

摘　　要：仿真固沙灌木是一种由抗老化的高分子化合物聚合而成并具有与油蒿、沙蒿等沙生灌木相似外部形状的新型防风固沙材料。在风洞内对不同疏透度(β)的仿真固沙灌木,在7,9,12,15m/s的实验风速下进行模拟研究,测定其防风与积沙效应,探讨输沙量与风速和疏透度之间的关系。结果表明:仿真固沙灌木在不同风速条件下,整个风速流场过程可分为灌木前部、灌木内部、灌木后部3个区域,形成6个减速区和4个加速区,共10个新能区。其中,障前H、0.5H区域和障后0.5H～3H区域为主要的风速削减区。不同疏透度的仿真固沙灌木在不同风速条件下其水平风速降低趋势一致,平均降幅在35%～46%之间,其中,枝条数20根、疏透度(β)为36%～41%的仿真固沙灌木降幅最大。不同疏透度仿真固沙灌木障后输沙量随风速增加而增大,但其阻沙效益差异显著,疏透度(β)为36%～41%的仿真植物在不同风速下阻沙效益稳定,表现好。从仿真植物的构型设计与生产成本、防护效应及实际设置等方面综合考虑,初步确定仿真固沙灌木最佳疏透度(β)应在30%～40%之间,枝条数量在16～20根之间较为合适。Simulated sand-fixing shrub is a new type of preventing wind and combating sand material which is made of high polymer materials mingled with antiaging agents in accordance with the simulation principle, its shape is as same as the shape of wild desert shrubs such as Artemisisa desertorum, Artemisia ordosica etc. having good effects in reducing wind and fixing sand. The different porosity of simulated sand-fixing shrubs were tested to their capacity of preventing wind and combating sand in the wind tunnel under the different tested wind speed, such as 7,9,12,15 m/s, respectively, discussed the correlation between amount of sand transport or wind speed and porosity in order to provide the theoretical basis for optimization design of shrub structure and practical application, the results showed as following. There were 3 wind velocity flow fields such as in front field of obstacle, in middle field of obstacle and in back field, respectively, in the whole flow processing under different wind speeds, but the major area of preventing wind field located in the H, 0.5H in front field of obstacle and between 0.5H^3H in background of obstacle. The trend of decreasing average wind speed at different porosity simulated shrub was the same under different wind speed in the wind test tunnel, while the average range of wind reduction was between 35M to 46% was gradually decreased with wind velocity, but the range of wind reduction of the porosity/3 located among 36 %~41% of simulated san＆ fixing shrub which had 20 branches was the largest than those others. The amount of sand transport of simu- lated shrub increased with wind velocity, but effective function of combating sand in back field of different simulated shrub was significant difference, the porosityβ between 36% to 41% of simulated shrub had a good at effective function of combating sand. According to the design of shrub structure of simulated sand- fixing shrub, production cost, protection benefit and practical application and so on, the simulated sand-fixing shrub

关 键 词：仿真固沙灌木 疏透度 风洞模拟 防风固沙 

分 类 号：S727.23[农业科学—林木遗传育种] X43[农业科学—林学]