不同类型豆科植物对黄土母质生土的改土效果  

Soil Improvement Effect by Planting Different Types of Legume Plants in Immature Loess Subsoil

作　　者：杜天庆[1] 苗果园[1] 郝建平[1] 杨锦忠[2] 崔福柱[1] 薛建福[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学,山西太谷030801 [2]青岛农业大学,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第6期76-80,86,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家青年科学基金(31101113);山西省自然基金(991102);山西省科技攻关项目(20100311002-9);山西农大博士启动基金

摘　　要：以黄土母质生土为供试土壤,以不同类型豆科植物为生物材料,对生物改土效应进行研究。结果表明:①草木樨、苜蓿根际土壤容重在1.00～1.35g/cm3之间,是最适宜的土壤容重范围;黑豆、大豆对0.25～3mm之间团粒具有较强的作用;种植草木樨、苜蓿、黑豆、大豆后,土壤>0.5mm水稳性团聚体的含量均在90%以上。草木樨、苜蓿、黑豆和大豆对土壤物理性质具有良好的改良作用。②草木樨、苜蓿、小冠花在短时期内对土壤氮素具有较强的补给作用;豆科牧草在生土地上生长两季后,对土壤0-60cm土层氮素具有明显的表聚效应;土壤表层有机质含量以小冠花最高;0-20cm土壤表层速效P的含量均极显著高于其他层次的;红三叶和小冠花土壤速效K含量高于草木樨和苜蓿的。种植红三叶和小冠花对土壤表层肥田效果比草木樨和苜蓿占优势。③一年生高产植物大豆随生长进程的前、中、后期土壤N素表现了高-低-高的积累-消耗-再积累的过程,土壤N素循环较大。研究为生物改土、有机沃土提供了理论参考。Immature subsoil of loess was used to study biological effect on soil improvement by different types of legume plants. The results indicated that：①The bulk density of soil was the best, between 1.00 g/cm^3 and 1.35 g/cm^3 , by planting sweet clove and alfalfa. Planting black soybean and soybean had strong effects on soil aggregation between 0.25 mm and 3 mm. The content of water stability aggregation over 0.5 mm was more than 90% after planting sweet clove, alfalfa, black soybean and soybean. Physical property of soil could be improved by planting sweet clove, alfalfa, black soybean and soybean. ②Planting sweet clove, al- falfa and crown vetch could supply soil nitrogen in short period. There were obvious surface gathering effects on the content of N between 0 and 60 cm after two-season legume plants. The content of organic matter was the highest for soil rapidly available P in crown vetch, while the content of K was higher for red clover and crown vetch than that for sweet clove and alfalfa. It showed that the fertilizer effect of planting red clove and crown vetch was better than planting sweet-clove and alfalfa. ③The nitrogen showed the large cycle pattern of accumulation-consumption-reaccumulation and high-low-high, following with growth period of before-middle-after by planting soybean. It can provide theoretical model for organic soil improvement from this research.

关 键 词：豆科植物 黄土母质生土 土壤性状 生物改土 

分 类 号：S156.92[农业科学—土壤学] S52[农业科学—农业基础科学]