免耕和草篱措施对径流中典型农业面源污染物的去除效果  

Effects of Grass Hedges and No-tillage Practice on the Removing of Typical Agricultural Non-point Source Pollutants from Runoff

作　　者：李霞[1] 陶梅[1] 肖波[2] 王庆海[2] 陈建平[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学环境科学与工程学院,辽宁阜新123000 [2]北京市农林科学院草业与环境研究发展中心,北京100097

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第6期221-224,共4页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：北京市科技新星计划(2009B25);北京市自然科学基金(8102015);北京市农林科学院青年基金(2009);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室基金(10501-239)

摘　　要：大量施用农业化学物质在提高作物产量的同时,也导致了严重的水体污染。在北京地区不同坡度的径流小区上,通过人工模拟降雨试验,研究免耕、草篱、以及免耕与草篱复合3种措施对农田径流中氮、磷、阿特拉津3种典型农业面源污染物的去除效果。结果表明:免耕措施可减少53%的总氮、51%的总磷和56%的阿特拉津流失;草篱措施可减少68%的总氮、61%的总磷和90%的阿特拉津流失;而免耕与草篱复合措施可减少77%的总氮、76%的总磷和92%的阿特拉津流失。另外,总氮、总磷和阿特拉津流失量均与径流量呈显著的线性正相关关系。本研究证实,免耕和草篱措施均能有效防止氮、磷以及阿特拉津随农田径流流失,对农业面源污染具有较好的防治效果,而这2种措施复合后能使其防治效果进一步增强。Chemical fertilizer and herbicide are widely stances not only significantly increase crop yields but used in agricultural production. These chemical sub- also result in serious water pollution. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three practices （no-tillage, grass hedges, no-tillage and grass hedges） on the loss of nitrogen, phosphorus and atrazine with runoff. The results showed that no-tillage and grass hedg- es significantly reduced agricultural non-point source pollution. As compared to the control, the total nitro- gen, total phosphorus and atrazine loss in the plots with no-tillage were decreased by 53%, 51% and 56M, respectively; reductions by the grass hedges were 68%, 61% and 90%, respectively; the decreases due to no-tillage and grass hedges were 77%, 76% and 92%, respectively. Moreover, the regression results showed that the losses of nitrogen, phosphorus and atrazine with runoff were positively correlated to the sur- face runoff. From these results could he concluded that both of no-tillage and grass hedges could significantly reduce nitrogen, phosphorus and atrazine loss with runoff, and the integration of these two practices was proved to be much more effective than their individual effects.

关 键 词：氮 磷 阿特拉津 水土流失 保护性耕作 等高草篱 

分 类 号：S157.44[农业科学—土壤学] S157.43[农业科学—农业基础科学]