硝化抑制剂型包膜复合肥的氮素释放特征及其对大白菜生长的影响  

N-release Characteristics of Coated Compound Fertilizers Added by Nitrification Inhibitor and Their Effects on Chinese Cabbage

作　　者：侯俊[1] 董元杰[1,3] 李光宗[2] 范振义[1] 刘双[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,国家缓控释肥工程技术研究中心,作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省济阳县农业局,山东济阳251400 [3]山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司,山东临沭276700

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2011年第6期250-253,259,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2011BAD11B01,2011BAD11B02);国家“948”重点项目(2011-G30);国家自然科学基金(30871593)

摘　　要：以粉煤灰为主要包膜材料,同时添加硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD),对普通复合肥进行包膜,制备了DCD含量分别为0%,1%,2%和4%的4种包膜缓释复合肥,并进行土壤培养试验和田间试验,研究包膜缓释肥的氮素释放特征及其对大白菜生长的影响。结果表明:(1)硝化抑制剂与粉煤灰包膜结合能有效地保持氮素养分较长时间处于NH4+-N形态,减少了因转化为NO3--N形态而造成的养分淋溶损失。4种自制包膜肥的缓释效果为:4%DCD>2%DCD>1%DCD>0%DCD。(2)在施肥水平相同的情况下,与普通复合肥相比,4种自制包膜复合肥均能提高大白菜中后期叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(E),但与树脂包膜肥相比差异不显著,表现为:1%DCD≈2%DCD>0%DCD>4%DCD。与普通复合肥相比,除DCD含量为4%的包膜肥减产减收外,其他3种自制包膜肥使生物产量提高14.0%～17.2%,经济效益提高14.5%～17.5%,与树脂包膜肥相比差异不显著;所有包膜复合肥与普通复合肥相比,能提高含糖量、糖酸比及维生素C含量和降低硝酸盐及有机酸含量,且与施用树脂膜复合肥的效果相当。Four homemade compound fertilizers with nitrification inhibitor dicyandlamide（DCD） being rano 0 %, 1%, 2 % and 4 %, separately were prepared out of common compound fertilizer by coating them with fly ash as major material. Soil incubation experiment and field experiment were used to study N-release charac- teristics of the fertilizers and their effects on Chinese cabbage. Results showed that： （1）Using four kinds of fertilizers could keep N as NH4^＋-N for a long time, consequently, reduce the risk of nitrate N losses. The effects of four kinds of fertilizers on nutrient release property were 4%〉2%〉1%：〉0〉; （2）Four kinds of fertilizers increased chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, transpiration in the leaves of the Chinese cab- bage during its mid and late growth stage, and the two kinds of which ratio being 1 % and 2% were better than the others. The fertilizer added by 4% ratio DCD was lowest, however, the other three kinds of fertiliz- ers improve the yield by 14.0%-17.2%, income by 14.5%-17.5%, and there were not obvious differ- ences between the latter kinds and thermoplastic resins coated fertilizer. In addition, they decreased nitrate contents and organic acid contents by a certain extent in the functional leaves of the plant, and improved sug- ar-acid ratio and soluble sugar and Vc contents of the head of the pant at the harvest stage. Moreover, theeffects were not obvious comparing with common compound fertilizer and resin coated fertilizers.

关 键 词：包膜复合肥 释放特征 抑制剂 粉煤灰 大白菜 

分 类 号：S143.15[农业科学—肥料学] Q945.11[农业科学—农业基础科学]