空气隔层对水中冲击波的衰减特性  

An investigation into attenuation of underwater shockwave by air interlayer

作　　者：贾虎[1,2] 沈兆武[2] 

机构地区：[1]南阳师范学院土木建筑工程学院,河南南阳473061 [2]中国科学技术大学近代力学系,安徽合肥230027

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2012年第1期61-66,共6页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金特别资助项目(201003799);河南省教育厅自然科学研究计划项目(2011B130002);安徽高校省级自然科学研究重大项目(KJ2010ZD003)~~

摘　　要：采用波动理论,提出了水下爆炸冲击波防护的设计原则。在此基础上针对水下爆破工程安全防护的实际情况,对提出的空气隔层衰减冲击波设想进行了实验研究,发现空气隔层能有效衰减冲击波峰值压力。为了对空气隔层衰减冲击波能量特性进行研究,提出了基于小波包分析水下爆炸冲击波能量分布规律的方法,发现水下爆炸冲击波能量分布频率比较广,在空气隔层作用下,各频率段的冲击波能量都有很好的衰减作用,空气隔层对绝大部分频率段的冲击波能量衰减都在50%以上。研究结果表明,空气隔层能在水下爆破工程安全防护中发挥积极作用,可以有效降低水下爆炸冲击波的破坏效应,具有实用价值。Based on the wave theory, this paper puts forward the design principles of the protection a- gainst underwater explosion shockwave. Besides, in light of the actual situation of safety protection in underwater blasting practices, experimental studies are carried out to test the hypotheses regarding the attenuation of underwater shockwave by the air interlayer. It is found that the air interlayer can effectively attenuate the shockwave peak pressure. In order to study the energy distribution character- istics of the attenuation of underwater shockwave by the air interlayer, the paper proposes a way of approaching the energy distribution of underwater explosion shockwaves from wavelet analysis. Given that the energy distribution of underwater explosion shockwaves is widely ranged in frequency, the paper finds out that under the impact of the air interlayer, the shockwave energy in each frequency range has desirable attenuating capability, and that the attenuated shockwave energy in the majority of frequency ranges can amount to 50M of the original. The research results show that, the air interlayer plays a positive role in strengthening the safety protection in underwater blasting and effectively re- duce the destructive effects of underwater explosion shockwaves, and hence has a practical value.

关 键 词：爆炸力学 能量分布 小波包分析 空气隔层 水下爆炸 

分 类 号：O382.1[理学—流体力学]