在洛克、孟德斯鸠与黑格尔之间--苏格兰启蒙思想家论市民社会与国家  

The Mode of Civil Society and the State by the Scottish Enlightenment Thinkers: Among Locke,Montesquieu and Hegel

作　　者：李虹[1] 项松林[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽建筑工业学院 [2]安徽建筑工业学院法政学院

出　　处：《湖南师范大学社会科学学报》2012年第2期17-20,共4页Journal of Social Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：安徽省教育厅人文社科项目“十二五时期的社会建设与社会政策--基于社会质量理论的视角”(2011SK299)

摘　　要：在市民社会与国家的关系问题上,休谟、斯密、弗格森等苏格兰启蒙思想家接续了古典自由主义传统,凸显了市民社会先于国家的基础性地位与决定性作用,同时又汲取了孟德斯鸠有关国家对现代社会不可或缺的政治洞见,充分肯定了在现代社会中政治权威与政治服从的重要性,克服了洛克式"社会先于国家"理念所潜在的政治边际化倾向。此外,与之后的黑格尔对市民社会与国家的褒贬不同,苏格兰启蒙思想家反复强调与申辩市民社会在伦理上是自足的,不需要国家的道德救济,相反视国家为不可缺少的恶,从而其思想理路又与黑格尔的"国家高于市民社会"迥异。Abstract： Concerning the relation between civil society and the state, the Scottish Enlightenment scholars like Hume, Smith, Ferguson, inherited classical liberalism tradition, and highlighted the foundational status and conclusive effect of civil society above the state. Meanwhile they learned from Montesquieu＇s political insights that the state is indispensable to modem society, and fully affirmed that political authority and obedience are important in modem society, so, their mode of of civil society and the state overcame Locke＇s ＂society prior to the state＂ that maybe had potential marginalization ten- dency to politics.In addition, different from Hegel＇s appraisement on civil society and the state, they repeatedly stressed and defended that civil society is sufficient in ethics, and neednot t moral relief fi＇om the state. On the contrary, they re- garded the state as the indispensable evil, thus their pattern was also different from Hegel＇s ＂the state above civil society＂.

关 键 词：市民社会与国家 苏格兰启蒙运动 洛克 孟德斯鸠 黑格尔 

分 类 号：D09[政治法律—政治学]