农村饮水除氟技术及设备研究  

Studies on Technology and Equipment of Water Defluoridation for Rural Areas

作　　者：黄承武[1] 李树猷[1] 傅玉治[2] 张淑兰[2] 韩树青[2] 刘连惠[3] 赵之相 鲍瑞才 张方权 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院环境卫生与卫生工程研究所 [2]天津市卫生防病中心 [3]廊坊市环境保护设备厂 [4]廊坊地区卫生防疫站 [5]天津市塘沽区地方病防治办公室

出　　处：《中国公共卫生学报》1990年第2期65-68,共4页

摘　　要：本文研究了饮水除氟及含氟废水处理新工艺。用0.1M硫酸注入原水使其pH由8.4降至6.0～6.5,再通过一个充填粒径为0.45～1.2或2mm的活性氧化铝滤罐。出水的平均氟化物水平均0.5mg/L,但这种水可与适当体积的原水混合,使供饮用的处理水氟化物水平调整到0.90～0.95mg/L。本工艺使滤料的除氟容量由通常可接受的1.2提高到4.5mg F^-/g Al_2O_3以上。每立米水处理费(包括化学品、滤料补充、电力和人工)为0.10元,与传统工艺(不调原水pH的为0.29元/m^3处理水)相比,节省了66％。活性氧化铝再生用0.80～0.85％氢氧化钠溶液使滤料的溶解降到最低程度,强碱性含氟废水经中和及化学沉淀后得到了处理。This paper studies a new technology of water defluoridation and fluoride waste treatment. The pH of raw water is lowered from 8.4 to 6.0—6.5 by 0.1M sulfuric acid injection, then filtered through a vessel filled with activated alumina (φ:0.45—1.2, or 2mm). Average fluoride level of effluent is about 0.5mg/L, however this water can be blended by suitable volume of raw water, the fluoride level of treated water is adjusted into the range of 0.90—0.95mg/L. This technology increased the fluoride removal capacity of bed material from the generally accepted level of 1.2 to more than 4.5mg F^-/g Al_2O_3. The operating cost of this technology including chemicals, activated alumina replacement, electricity and labor is ￥ 0.10/m^3 of treated water has saved by 66％ as compared with the conventional technology (￥0.29/m^3 of treated water for raw water without pH adjustment). The regeneration of activated alumina employs 0.80—0.85％ sodium hydroxide solution to minimize media dissolving. Caustic fluoride waste is treated by neutralization and chemical precipitation.

关 键 词：氟中毒 饮水 除氟 

分 类 号：R123.6[医药卫生—环境卫生学]