沟灌条件下灌水沟入渗特性研究  

Experimental Research on Characteristics of Two-dimensional Infiltration in Furrow Irrigation

作　　者：张新燕[1,2] 蔡焕杰[1,2] 朱德兰[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2012年第3期7-11,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家"863"计划(2010AA10A302);西北农林科技大学基本科研业务费专项资金项目(QN2011131)

摘　　要：为探明沟灌时灌水沟的水分入渗规律,从沟灌二维入渗过程、入渗湿润锋运移特性、累计入渗水量变化过程、土壤含水量分布等方面研究了沟灌的入渗特征及其影响,研究表明:灌水沟中水深、沟底宽、湿周对沟灌入渗过程均有明显影响。沟中水深增大,有利于加大侧向入渗,垂向入渗减少,而水深减小,会加大垂向入渗,增加深层渗漏。灌水沟底宽不影响灌水沟的侧向入渗,仅影响垂向入渗,底宽减小,垂向入渗深度相应减小,且土壤表面以下40cm深以内水平向入渗深度平均值与最大垂向入渗深度的比值在沟底宽小时均大于沟底宽大时。合理的断面形式和大小有利于减小垂向入渗,加大水平侧向入渗,灌水沟断面形式为梯形断面时,宽深比近似为2效果最优。研究结果可为改进沟灌灌水技术提供参考。In order to understand the patterns of water infiltration in furrow irrigation, an experiment is conducted to study two-di- mensional infiltration characteristics and effects in furrow irrigations, including the study of two-dimensional infiltration process of ir- rigation furrow, characteristics of soil wetting front, total infiltration discharge, distribution of soil water capacity. The results indi- cate that increasing the water depth is conducive to increasing lateral infiltration horizontally and reducing vertical infiltration concur- rently but their bottom width only affects lateral infiltration other than vertical infiltration; when the width decreases, vertical infil- tration decreases. The ratio of the average horizontal infiltration depth and the maximum vertical infiltration depth on the condition of the smaller furrow bottom width is bigger than the bigger furrow bottom width in 40 cm depth. Reasonable furrow section is condu- cive to reducing vertical infiltration depth and increasing horizontal infiltration depth. The best ratio of furrow bottom width and wa- ter depth is approximately 2 when irrigation furrow is in the form of trapezoidal cross- section. Our research results can serve as a reference for improving furrow irrigation techniques.

关 键 词：沟灌 二维入渗 入渗湿润锋 累计入渗水量 土壤含水量 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]