东北地区新生儿疾病临床流行病学调查及分析  

Clinical Epidemiological survey and analysis of neonatal diseases in northeast areas

作　　者：石杨[1] 吴红敏[1] 魏克伦[2] 严超英[3] 姚笠[4] 黄玉春[5] 

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学附属第一医院,辽宁沈阳110003 [2]中国医科大学附属盛京医院,辽宁沈阳110004 [3]吉林大学第一医院,吉林长春130021 [4]哈尔滨医科大学附二院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [5]辽宁省大连市儿童医院,辽宁大连116012

出　　处：《中国现代医学杂志》2012年第5期68-72,共5页China Journal of Modern Medicine

摘　　要：目的通过对我国东北地区Ⅲ级医院住院新生儿的调查,以了解东北地区目前住院新生儿的患病情况。方法回顾性调查了2005年1月1日～2005年12月31日住院的新生儿4 851名。结果①男女性别比为1.72∶1.00;②早产儿占住院新生儿的28.5%;③新生儿疾病谱中,发生率最高的前10位的疾病依次为高胆红素血症、肺炎、早产、脓毒症、先心病(含卵圆孔未闭、动脉导管未闭)、窒息、血液系统疾病、颅内出血、HIE、湿肺;④足月儿高胆红素血症、肺炎、胎粪吸入综合征、胆红素脑病、惊厥、先心病、败血症、脐炎和窒息发生率高于早产儿。而早产儿呼吸窘迫综合征、肺出血、呼吸暂停、颅内出血、寒冷损伤综合征、贫血等疾病的发生率高于足月儿;⑤新生儿转归:治愈率占55.6%,好转率占33.5%,死亡率占2.5%,早产儿的治愈率及好转率均低于足月儿,早产儿病死率占4.1%。结论住院新生儿中早产儿比例明显升高,新生儿疾病病种发生了变化,有关部门应做这方面的预防工作。[Objective] To investigate the epidemiology and clinical spectrum of hospitalized neonates in the 3 A-level hospitals in northeast area of China. [Methods ] Aretrospective investigationwas carried out in 4 851 cases between Jan.1 and Dec. 31 of 2005. [Results] The sex ratio was 1.72：1.00; 28.5% cases were preterm infants; In neonatal disease spectrum the leading ten were hyperbilirubinemia, pneumonia, preterm in- fant, clinical sepsis, congenital heart disease （including Patent foramen ovale and patent ductus arteriosus）, as- phyxia, blood system diseases, intracranial hemorrhage, HIE, wet lung; The incidence of hyperbilirubinemia, pneumonia, meconium aspiration syndrome, bilirubin encephalopathy, convulsion, congenital heart disease, sep- sis, omphalitis and asphyxia in term infants were higher than that in preterm infants. However the incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary hemorrhage, apnea, intracranial hemorrhage, cold injury syndrome, anemia in preterm infants were higher than that in term infants; Prognosis： 55.6% of hospitalized neonates were cured, 33.5% were improved and 2.5% died, the rate of cure and improvement of preterm infants was lower than that of term infants, 4.1% of preterm infants died. [Conclusions] Considering the ratio preterm in- fants in hospitalized neonates rises obviously and the neonatal diseases varied, attentions should be paid to neonatal diseases.

关 键 词：流行病学调查 住院新生儿 东北 

分 类 号：R722[医药卫生—儿科] R181[医药卫生—临床医学]