超大城市地表特征参数估算及其对城市热环境的影响研究  

Estimating Surface Characteristic Parameters in the Megacities and the Research on Their Effects towards the Urban Heat Environment

作　　者：张道卫[1,2,3] 郭华东[2,3] 孙中昶[2] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学地理信息科学教育部重点实验室,上海200062 [2]中国科学院对地观测与数字地球科学中心数字地球科学实验室,北京100094 [3]华东师范大学/中国科学院对地观测与数字地球科学中心-环境遥感与数据同化联合实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《遥感技术与应用》2012年第1期51-57,共7页Remote Sensing Technology and Application

基　　金：国家973计划项目"多平台遥感观测科学实验与环境信息模拟"(2009CB723906)

摘　　要：近年来超大城市的下垫面环境发生了显著变化,并对区域生态系统造成了明显的影响。因此有必要定量化下垫面特征参数并研究它们之间的相互关系对城市热环境的影响。以北京市为例,采用2009年6月2日Landsat-5TM卫星影像提取城市不透水层百分比、地表温度、土地利用/土地覆盖和植被指数这些典型地表特征参数,并分析它们之间的定量关系。研究结果表明:随着城市化进程加快,北京市高不透水面扩展到六环,六环以内地表温度保持在40℃以上,特别是商业区等特高不透水面区域地表温度甚至高达45℃,处于城市高温区域,六环以内区域平均温度波动幅度不大。另外,森林和农业用地的降温作用明显,最高降温幅度达到6℃,而且夏季裸土地表温度接近高密度居民区地表温度。In recent years the significant changes have been occurred in the land surface environment of the megacities,and it has also brought the great impact to the ecosystem in regions.Therefore,it is urgent to quantity various kinds of land surface characteristic parameters in urban and research their relationships,so as to analysis their effects towards the urban heat environment.For this reason,we take the municipality of Beijing as an example to extract four typical surface parameters with Landsat-5 TM remote sensing image on June 2,2009,including the percentage of impervious layer,land surface temperature,land use/land cover and vegetation index,and their quantitative relationships have been analyzed.Finally,it can be found that the high impervious surface region has been expanded to the six-ring in Beijing with the rapid development of the urbanization,and the LST maintained at 40 ℃ or more within the six-ring,where it was the high temperature region.Especially in the business districts the LST was as high as 45 ℃,and the LST fluctuant magnitude was small within the six-ring.What＇s more,the forest and agricultural land played the role of cooling effect at the maximum cooling scale of 6 ℃,and it was clear that the LST of the bared soil region nearly arrived at that of high-density resident in the summer.

关 键 词：超大城市 城市热环境 不透水层百分比 植被指数 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]