唐山地区冰雹气候特征与雷达回波分析  

Climatological Characteristics and Radar Echo Analysis of Hail in Tangshan,Hebei

作　　者：王秀玲[1] 郭丽霞[1] 高桂芹[1] 郑艳萍[1] 刘爽[1] 匡顺四[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北省唐山市气象局,唐山063000 [2]河北省石家庄市气象局,石家庄050081

出　　处：《气象》2012年第3期344-348,共5页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：河北省气象局课题(10ky22)资助

摘　　要：利用唐山市11个气象台站1974—2009年冰雹观测资料和1999—2009年冰雹日的高空观测资料及2006 2009年的冰雹云多普勒雷达资料,详细分析并归纳了唐山市冰雹的时空分布特征、气候特征和冰雹云的雷达回波的识别特征,并分析了冰雹日数的突变特征。分析结果表明:唐山冰雹主要发生在北部山区、半山区。20世纪80年代是冰雹高发期,90年代以后逐渐减少;冰雹日数于90年代初期发生显著突变,突变后冰雹日数明显减少。上冷下暖的不稳定区域中,强烈不稳定能量的释放将有利于冰雹天气的产生。降雹的0℃层平均高度为3.4 km,-20℃层平均高度为6.3 km。唐山冰雹云回波中心强度大多大于60 dBz,垂直结构都为倾斜回波,回波顶(ET)都在8 km以上,垂直累积液态水大部分在25 kg·m^(-2)以上,基本径向速度图上表现辐合特征。Based on the observation data at 11 stations from 1974 to 2009 in Tangshan and upper-air observation data from 1999 to 2009 and Doppler radar data of hail from 2006 to 2009,the spatial and temporal distributions and climate characteristics and radar echo features of the hail were analyzed.Using different analytical methods of mutation,we analyzed sudden changes of hail.The results show that the hail mainly occurs in mountainous and semi-mountainous areas north of Tangshan.The annual hail days reached the peak in the 1980s,and then show a decreasing trend from the 1990s.A sudden change spot of annual hail days occurred in the early 1990s.After the change spot,the annual hail days reduced obviously.The release of the strong instability energy will be conducive to the formation of hail in unstable region.The height of hail zero layer is at 3.4 km,the height of -20℃layer is at 6.3km.Most of the strong hail＇s radar echo centers are more than 60 dBz.The vertical sections are all characterized by slantwise echo structure. The top of echo is more than 8 km.The most vertical integrated liquid water content is more than 25 kg？m^（-2）.There is a convergence feature on the basic radial velocity images.

关 键 词：冰雹 时空分布 气候特征 雷达回波 

分 类 号：P458.121.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]