不同生境中飞机草的群落结构及其生物多样性  

Eupatorium odoratum community structure and its effects on species richness of native vegetation community under different habitats in Karst Area of Guangxi

作　　者：蒲高忠[1] 唐赛春[1] 潘玉梅[1] 韦春强[1] 刘明超[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西桂林541006 [2]广西师范大学生命科学学院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《草业科学》2012年第3期447-452,共6页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科攻0992026-5;0719005);广西自然科学基金项目(2011GXNSFE018005);广西植物研究所科学研究基金(桂植业10011);国土资源部;广西壮族自治区岩溶动力学重点实验室开放课题(KDL2010-03)

摘　　要：采用样方法,研究了桂西南喀斯特地区外来入侵植物飞机草(Eupatorium odoratum)对人工疏林、弃耕地和荒山灌丛的群落组成、结构特征以及植物物种丰富度的影响。结果表明,3种生境中共有植物79种,隶属45科50属,群落灌层和草层分层不明显;但植物种类、数量和垂直结构在3种生境中存在差异;影响飞机草群落分布组成的主要因素是人为干扰和光照,其贡献率分别为42.88%和24.17%,据此将调查样点分为3个聚类群;当飞机草重要值大于0.51时,样方物种丰富度随重要值的增加而减小,二者之间具有显著相关性。表明飞机草的入侵对生物多样性有不利的影响,而这种影响又受人为干扰强度的限制。Eupatorium odoratum,which is a worldwide perennial invasive alien weed,usually spreads rapidly,and poses a serious threat to crops,forest,native vegetation and biodiversity.In order to understand characteristics of Chuomolaena odorata community structure in different habitats and its effects on plant species richness of native vegetation community,three C.odorata communities from different habitats were chosen for establishing three sample plots（plot A,B and C） in Longzhou county and Pingguo county of Guangxi.Plant species composition,structure characteristics,distributions of C.odorata and its effects on plant species richness of native vegetation in each plot were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that there were a total of 79 species,which belonged to 50 genera of 45 families,under the three habitats.The community structures were simple,including there layers（tree,shrub and herb） in plot A,two layers（shrub and herb） in plot B and C,but the plant species,quantity and vertical structure were different.Through the principle component analysis of 36 species with occurring frequency 〉10%,we found that the human disturbance and light condition were the key factors affected the C.odorata community structure,which contributed 42.88% and 24.17%,respectively.According to the two factors,all the samples could be divided into three cluster groups.The analysis of relationship between the importance value of C.odorata and plant species richness of the communities indicated that when the former reached to 0.51,the latter decreased with the rise of the former,which demonstrated a significant correlation between them.This study suggests that the invasion of C.odorata has an adverse effect on biodiversity,but the effect depends on the intensity of human disturbance.

关 键 词：飞机草 群落结构 主成分分析 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学] Q948.15[农业科学—畜牧学]