城市化对北京地区日照时数和云量变化趋势的影响  

The Effects of Urbanization on Sunshine Duration and the Trend of Cloud Cover Amount Variation in Beijing Area

作　　者：赵娜[1,2] 刘树华[1,3] 杜辉 虞海燕[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学物理学院大气与海洋科学系 [2]北京市气象局 [3]中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室 [4]Catalan Institute for Climate Sciences Doctor Trueta 203,Barcelona 08005

出　　处：《气候与环境研究》2012年第2期233-243,共11页Climatic and Environmental Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目40875004;中国科学院大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室开放课题LAPC-KF-2009-04;中国气象局北京城市气象研究所城市气象科学研究基金资助项目UMRF-200702

摘　　要：利用1961～2008年北京城区和郊区12个台站的气候观测资料,采用趋势分析和累积距平的方法,研究了北京城区和郊区近48年的日照时数、总云量及低云量的年际和四季变化趋势,并探讨了城市化进程对日照和云量变化的影响。结果表明:近48年来,城区的总云量和日照时数呈减少趋势,但低云量呈增加趋势;郊区的总云量和低云量呈增加趋势,而日照时数呈减少趋势;具体到年代变化,1980年代初以后,城区总云量呈减少趋势,且1990年代减少的趋势最为明显,2000年后,城区总云量变化发生逆转,呈显著增加趋势。对于低云量,1960年代到1980年代,城区郊区低云量呈波动减少趋势,而1990年代到2000年代后呈波动增加趋势。对于日照时数,1960年代到1980年代城区郊区日照时数均呈增加趋势,1990年代至2000年代则呈明显减少的趋势。低云量与日照时数表现出明显负相关特征,这与北京城市化发展对区域气候的影响有密切的关系。The authors study the seasonal and interannual variations of sunshine duration, total cloud cover amount, and low cloud cover amount in the past 48 years for both the urban and suburban areas in Beijing by utili zing the observational data from 1961 to 2008 at 12 stations in the urban and suburban areas and by employing the methods of trend analysis and accumulation bias, and also discuss the effects of urbanization on the variations of sun- shine duration and cloud cover amount. For the urban area, the results have shown a decreasing trend for the total cloud cover amount, but an increasing trend for the sunshine duration. For the suburban area, the results have shown an increasing trend for the total and low cloud cover amount, but a decreasing trend for the sunshine duration. In decadal scale for these variations, the total cloud cover amount for the urban area has decreased since the beginning of the 1980s, especially in the 1990s. After 2000, the total cloud cover amount for the urban area has reversed and increased significantly, however, the low cloud cover amount for both urban and suburban areas has shown a decrea- sing trend with fluctuation from the 1960s to the 1980s, but an increasing trend with fluctuation from the 1990s to the 2000s. The sunshine duration for both urban and suburban areas has shown an increasing trend from the 1960s to the 1980s, but a decreasing trend from the 1990s to the 2000s. The low cloud cover amount and the sunshine duration show a negative relationship. This is closely related to the effects of urbanization on regional climate.

关 键 词：北京 日照 总云量 低云量 城市化 

分 类 号：P461[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]