生物有机肥对大豆红冠腐病及土壤酶活性的影响  

Effect of Biological Organic Fertilizer on Soybean Red Crown Rot and Soil Enzyme Activities

作　　者：张静[1,2] 杨江舟[1,2] 胡伟[1,2] 任爽[1,2] 杨雄[1,2] 李华兴[1,2] 朱懿 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广州510642 [2]鹤山市新的生物制品有限公司,广东鹤山529724

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2012年第3期548-554,共7页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40971155);广东省教育部产学研结合项目(2009B090300330)

摘　　要：大豆红冠腐病是一种真菌引起的土传病害,其蔓延已经影响到大豆产业的正常发展。将腐熟的有机肥与3种生防细菌(枯草芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌和胶质芽孢杆菌)结合,制备成生物有机肥,并通过盆栽试验方法,研究了上述生物有机肥对大豆红冠腐病的防效和对土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,施用生物有机肥可以显著降低红冠腐病的发生,在CPC处理的防效指定为0时,生物有机肥的两个处理防效分别达到84.74%和81.30%,远远高于普通有机肥处理的防效(24.24%)。在有效养分相同的情况下,BOF处理的大豆株高、鲜重、干重和主茎节数均高于OF处理,达到显著水平,表现出显著的促生效果。施用生物有机肥以后,土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶的活性均高于对照和普通有机肥的处理,表明生物有机肥可以在一定程度上提高土壤酶的活性,改善土壤质量和肥力状况,具有防病促生的作用。Soybean red crown rot is a kind of soilborne disease, its spread has affected the normal development of soybean industry. In this study, biological organic fertilizer（BOF） made by the decomposed manure with three kinds of bacteria（Bacillus subtilis ,B. mucilaginosus and B. megaterium ） was used to control the soybean red crown rot by pot experiment. The results indicated that BOF could significantly reduce the occurrence of the soybean red crown rot. When the diseasecontrol effect of CPC（ C.parositicum Crous ） treatment was assigned as 0, the diseasecontrol effect of two kind of BOF treatments reached 84.74% and 81.30% respectively, which were higher than that of organic fertilizer（OF） treatment diseasecontrol effect（24.24% ）. In the same effective nutrient,the plant height, fresh weight, dry weight and main stem sections of soybean in BOF treatment were higher than that of OF treatment significantly, which indicated the BOF promotion of the growth of soybean significantly. Application of BOF, soil urease, phosphatase, catalase and invertase activities were higher than those of CPC, CK and OF treatments. The results showed that BOF could improve soil enzyme activities, the soil quality and fertility conditions and prevent the occurrence of soil born disease.

关 键 词：生物有机肥 大豆红冠腐病 防病效果 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学]