马克思的异化劳动理论究竟是不是循环论证  

Is Marx's Theory of Alienated Labor in Paris Manuscript Circular Reasoning

作　　者：韩立新[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学哲学系,北京100084

出　　处：《学术月刊》2012年第3期58-68,共11页Academic Monthly

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目"<马克思恩格斯全集>历史考证版(新MEGA)研究"(10JZD0003);教育部清华大学自主科研项目"以新MEGA为基础的马克思恩格斯手稿研究"(2010THZ0)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：在早期马克思研究史上,人们对《巴黎手稿》异化劳动理论评价很低的一个重要理由是它存在着无法解决的"aporia",甚至可看作是循环论证。其实,在《第一手稿》"异化劳动和私人所有"这一节的最后,马克思提出的应该是这样一个关于资本出生的历史理论:人的"对象化活动"("异化劳动Ⅰ")带来了"基于自我劳动基础上的私人所有"("私人所有Ⅰ"),这种私人所有又带来了"属于他人的异化劳动"("异化劳动Ⅱ"),而这种异化劳动最终生产出了"资本主义的私人所有"("私人所有Ⅱ")。因此,从形式上看,这根本就不是循环论证;从内容上看,这相当于《政治经济学批判大纲》中的"资本的原始积累"理论。但是,要完成从异化劳动推出私人所有的逻辑证明,马克思还必须将解释框架从"孤立人"的主客关系转变到社会关系上来。马克思是在《第一手稿》的最后才意识到了这一转变的必要性,并在《穆勒评注》中通过对"交往异化"的研究成功地完成了这一转变,从而最终解决了异化劳动理论的"aporia"问题。Regarding the research on early Marx, one of the most important reasons that the theory of alienated labor in Paris Manuscript is not highly-evaluated is the ＂aporia＂, or even circular reasoning to some degree. Actually, what Marx has pointed out in the end of the chapter ＂Alienated Labor and Private Property＂ in The First Manuscript is such a historical theory concerning the birth of capital： man＇ s objectification （Entfremdete Arbeit I） has brought about the private property on the basis of self-working （Privateigentum I）, which in turn leads to the alienated labor that belongs to others （Enffremdete Arbeit II）, and it is the second type of the alienated labor that eventually gives birth to the private property of capitalism （Privateigentum II）. Therefore, the theory of alienated labor, regarding of its form, does not embody the socalled circular reasoning at all, but is equivalent to the Primitive Accumulation of Capital theory in the Grundrisse from the perspective of its content. However, in order to accomplish the logical prove of the deduction from the alienated labor to the private property, Marx still needs to transform its interpretation framework from the subject-object relation of isolated man to the social relation. He indeed, in the end of The First Manuscript, realized the necessity of such a transform, which he then, by research on the alienation of commerce（Verkehr） in Glossen zu James Mill, successfully accomplished, and solved the ＂aporia＂ of the theory of alienated labor.

关 键 词：循环论证 异化劳动 私人所有 资本的原始积累 “aporia” 

分 类 号：B0[哲学宗教—哲学理论]