玉米种质资源对六种重要病虫害的抗性鉴定与评价  

Screening and Evaluation of Maize Germplasm for Resistance to Five Diseases and Asian Corn Borer

作　　者：段灿星[1] 朱振东[1] 武小菲[1] 杨知还[1] 王晓鸣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家农作物基因资源与基因改良重大科学工程,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2012年第2期169-174,共6页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：作物种质资源保护项目(NB05-070401;NB06-070401;NB07-2130135;NB08-2130135和NB09-2130135)

摘　　要：在2003-2005年间,对604份玉米种质进行了抗弯孢菌叶斑病和玉米螟鉴定,筛选出抗弯孢菌叶斑病的材料93份,抗玉米螟材料22份。2006-2009年间,对836份玉米种质进行了抗大斑病、茎腐病、穗腐病和瘤黑粉病的鉴定与评价,筛选出一批高抗和多抗的资源。在836份资源中,对大斑病1、2和N号3个生理小种具有抗性的材料均为50%左右;抗茎腐病材料为41.3%,高抗和抗性种质分别为264和81份;穗腐病高抗和抗性种质分别为5和171份,占比为21.1%;瘤黑粉病高抗和抗性种质各261和14份,占总鉴定材料的32.9%。上述结果表明抗大斑病、茎腐病和瘤黑粉病的种质资源较为丰富。通过对抗性结果进行对比分析,发现不同生态区玉米种质的抗性强弱以及抗性多样性存在明显差异,黑龙江和内蒙古的种质对病虫害的抗性强弱及多样性程度明显高于四川种质。此外,玉米自交系对病虫害的抗性强弱以及多抗性程度高于农家种。Among 604maize accessions screened in 2003 -2005,93 were resistant to Curvularia leaf spot and 22 were resistant to Asian corn borer. From 2006 to 2009,836maize accessions were identified and evaluated for re- sistance to northern corn leaf blight,Pythium stalk rot, Fusarium ear rot and common smut and some of them were highly resistant and muhiplely resistant. Approximately 50% of maize accessions with resistance to northern corn leaf blight racel ,2 and N were screened,respectively. 41.3% of accessions were resistant to Pythium stalk rot,in- cluding 264 highly resistant and 81 resistant. 5 and 171 accessions were highly resistant and resistant to Fusarium ear rot,respectively,accounting for 21.1% of total accessions screened. 32.9% of accessions with different resist- ance to common smut was screened,261 highly resistant and 14 resistant lines were discovered. Based on the above data,we thought there were relatively abundant maize germplasm with resistance to northern corn leaf blight,Pythi- um stalk rot and common smut. There were differences in resistance level and diversity among maize germplasm from different ecological areas, for instance, there was higher level of resistance and more multiple resistance in germplasm from Heilongjiang province and Inner mongolia than that from Sichuan province. In addition,there was higher level of resistance and more multiple resistance in maize inbred lines than in landraces.

关 键 词：玉米 种质资源 病虫害 抗性鉴定 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]