两种生物测试法在水质监测与评价中的应用比较  

Comparison between Two Bioassays in Monitoring and Evaluation of Water Quality

作　　者：徐亚平[1] 刘凤枝[1] 刘岩[1] 邵晓龙[2] 

机构地区：[1]农业部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [2]天津市环境保护科学研究院,天津300191

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2012年第9期5401-5403,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：天津市科技攻关计划项目(05ZHGCNC01600);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2009-XYP-06)

摘　　要：[目的]比较两种生物测试法在水质监测与评价中的应用。[方法]分别采用蚕豆根尖细胞微核法和发光细菌法两种常用生物测试方法,测试了不同浓度梯度的重金属(汞、镉、砷、六价铬、铅)、有机污染物(阴离子表面活性剂、化学需氧量)溶液及其混合溶液,比较这两种方法在相同污染物和污染浓度下的检测结果,以了解其各自对常见污染物的敏感程度及敏感浓度。[结果]在相同的污染物及浓度梯度下,蚕豆根尖细胞微核法对总汞、镉、总砷和六价铬有反应,对铅、阴离子表面活性剂、化学需氧量均不敏感;发光细菌法对大多数污染物均有反应,但对六价铬的敏感度较低。从对污染物的敏感程度和敏感浓度来看,两种方法可以互为补充,发光细菌法优于蚕豆根尖细胞微核法。同时,多种低浓度污染物联合作用的生物毒性不容忽视,生物测试法在对多种低浓度污染物的联合毒性检测方面较常规化学法更为快速、有效。[结论]该研究为生物测试法的相关性分析提供了理论依据。[ Objective ] The aim was to compare the application of two bioassays to monitoring and evaluation of water quality. [ Method ] By using two bioassays （micronucleus detecting technology based on Viciafaba root tip and the bioassay by luminous bacteria）, we monitored and evaluated seven kinds of single solutions added different pollutants （Hg, Cd, As, Cr^6＋ , Pb, LAS and CODcr ） and a mixed solution addedthose seven pollutants. Afterwards, we compared their results under the same pollutant and concentration, so as to study the two bioassays＇ sensitivity and sensitive concentration to the seven pollutants. [ Result] Under the same pollutant and concentration, micronucleus detecting technology based on Viciafaba root tip was response to Hg, Cd, As and Cr^6＋ , but wasn＇ t response to Pb, LAS and CODcr. However, the bioassay by luminous bacteria was response to most pollutants except Cr^6＋ . Comparing the sensitive degree and concentration to each poUutant, they can complement each other. For these seven pollutants, bioassay by luminous bacteria was better than micronucleus detecting technology based on Vicia faba root tip. Meanwhile, from the testing result of the mixed solution, the combined toxicity of several pollutants in lower concentrations was serious. At the same time, contrasted to normal chemistry methods, bioassays were fast and effective. [ Conclusion] The research could provide theoretical references for the correlation study of bioassays.

关 键 词：生物测试 水质 监测 评价 

分 类 号：S273.5[农业科学—农业水土工程] X832[农业科学—农业工程]