双季稻田种植不同冬季作物对甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的影响  

Effects of different winter covering crops cultivation on methane(CH_4) and nitrous oxide(N_2O) emission fluxes from double-cropping paddy field

作　　者：唐海明[1] 肖小平[1] 帅细强[2] 汤文光[1] 林叶春[3] 汤海涛[1] 杨光立[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [2]湖南省气象科学研究所,长沙410007 [3]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第5期1481-1489,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑资助项目(2008BAD95B02)

摘　　要：研究双季稻收获后填闲种植不同冬季作物在其生长季节内CH4和N2O的排放特征,对合理利用冬闲稻田,发展冬季作物生产及合理评价不同种植模式具有重要意义。采用静态箱-气相色谱法对冬季免耕直播黑麦草、紫云英、油菜以及翻耕移栽油菜和冬闲的双季稻田中甲烷(CH4)和氧化亚氮(N2O)排放进行了分析。结果表明:在冬季作物生长期,CH4、N2O平均排放通量和总排放量均表现为翻耕移栽油菜>免耕直播黑麦草>免耕直播油菜>免耕直播紫云英>冬闲。不同冬季作物稻田CH4和N2O总排放量与对照(冬闲)的差异均达到极显著水平(P<0.01);翻耕移栽油菜的双季稻田中CH4和N2O排放量最高,分别达2.989 g/m2和0.719 g/m2。翻耕移栽油菜稻田的CH4和N2 O温室效应总和也最大,为2893.92 kg CO2/hm2;免耕直播黑麦草和免耕直播油菜处理次之,而免耕直播紫云英处理最低。种植不同冬季作物促进了稻田生态系统CH4和N2O的排放。Methane （CH4） and nitrous oxide （N2O） are two important trace gases, which are considered to have 15-30 and 150-200 times more radioactively active than CO2, respectively. It is well known that agricultural soils are the major sources of atmospheric CH4 and N2O. IPCC （2007） revealed that global warming potentials （GWPs） of CH4 and N2O are different. Previous researches have investigated some factors that affect the rates of CH4 and N2O emission fluxes, such as soil properties, climate, water regime, organic matter incorporation and plant physiology. However, the effects of different winter covering crops cultivation on CH4 and N2O emission fluxes from double-cropping paddy fields is unclear. So the quantitative and possible mechanisms dependence of CH4 and N2O emission fluxes from double-cropping paddy fields on different winter covering crops cultivation is still far from being understood. Hence, the static chamber-gas chromatography （GC） technique with manual method was chosen to identify the effects of different winter covering crops cultivation （including no-tillage ryegrass and double rice cropping （T1）, no-tillage Chinese milk vetch and double rice cropping （T2）, tillage rape and double rice cropping （T3）, no-tillage rape and double rice cropping （T4） and fallow and double rice cropping （CK） ） on CH4 and N2O emission fluxes from double-cropping paddy fields in subtropical regions of China （28°08＇18″ N,113°12＇0″ E）. The results showed that the fluxes and emission of CH4 and N2O was varied with different winter covering crops cultivation patterns, and generally followed the series T3〉T1〉T4〉T2〉CK, and ANOVA revealed that the emission fluxes of CH4 and N2O were significantly （P〈0.01） more from the four treatments during the whole growth stage than that of fallow and double rice cropping （CK）. In addition, 2.284, 1.073, 2.989, 1.731 and 0.668 g/m2 CH4 emission fluxes were observed from the treatment of T1, T2, T3, T4 and CK during the wh

关 键 词：双季稻田 冬季作物 CH4 N2O 排放 温室效应 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]