基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法  

Approach and decision support system based on crop yield response and agronomic efficiency

作　　者：何萍[1] 金继运[1] Mirasol F.Pampolino Adrian M.Johnston 

机构地区：[1]农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,国际植物营养研究所中国项目部,北京100081 [2]国际植物营养研究所东南亚项目部,马来西亚槟城11960 [3]国际植物营养研究所,加拿大萨斯卡通S7N4L8

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2012年第2期499-505,共7页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点基础研究计划课题(2007CB109306);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)资助

摘　　要：当前农民过量和不平衡施用化肥现象严重,导致肥料利用率降低,影响到农田的可持续利用。因此,发展适合我国农业生产特点的养分管理和施肥方法尤为重要。本文介绍了基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥新方法,该方法是以改进的SSNM(Site-specific Nutrient Management)和改进的QUEFTS(Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils)模型参数为指导的养分管理和推荐施肥为原则,同时考虑大、中微量元素的全面平衡,并应用计算机软件技术把复杂和综合的养分管理原则智能化形成可为当地技术推广人员掌握的Nutrient Expert推荐施肥专家系统。Nutrient Expert推荐施肥专家系统在用户回答一些简单问题后就能给出基于作物栽培管理措施的推荐施肥套餐,包括作物种植密度、目标产量、推荐的养分用量及其可选用的物化的肥料用量,同时根据预知的作物生长季节推荐施肥的最佳时间和次数。通过跨区域田间多点验证试验证明,基于作物产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法是一种简单的易于掌握的作物增产增收、提高肥料利用率和保护环境的新方法。Over and imbalanced fertilization by farmers driven by pursuing high yield results in low fertilizer use efficiency, and therefore influences sustainable utilization of farmland. Thus, develop a new tool to better nutrient management and fertilization which is best suitable for China＇ s agriculture is quite urgent. A new approach based on crop yield responses and agronomic efficiency addresses all such concerns. The principles of nutrient management and fertilizer recommendation was based on improved SSNM and QUEFIS model guided nutrient management, and integrated consideration of balanced fertilization of all plant nutrients. The nutrient management principles were developed to consolidate the complex and knowledge intensive information into simple deliverable computer software named ＂Nutrient Expert＂ enabling local advisors rapidly implements this technology to ensure cost-effectively field specific guidelines for fertilizer recommendations. The software only requires information that can be easily provided by farmers or local expert. The user will get a package guideline on fertilizer management （and more, such as recommended plant density, attainable yield, the right application time suitable for his local condition） that are tailored to his location and locally-available, fertilizer field validation across larger area demonstrated that sources after answering a set of simple questions. Multiple-site the easily grasped new approach based on crop yield responses and agronomic efficiency helps in strategizing appropriate management of nutrients leading to better yield and profits, nutrient use efficiency improvement and environmental protection.

关 键 词：产量反应 农学效率 NUTRIENT EXPERT 推荐施肥 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]