元末明初江西十才子论考  

Study on the Ten Gifted Scholars in Jiangxi in the Late Yuan Dynasty and the Early Ming Dynasty

作　　者：江立员[1] 饶龙隼[2] 

机构地区：[1]宜春学院高安校区,江西高安330800 [2]上海大学文学院,上海200444

出　　处：《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第1期48-55,共8页Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目"元末明初大转变时期东南文坛格局及文学走向研究"(编号:07BZW039)

摘　　要：西昌族群的核心,是"南唐故家"。出于对家族来源的永久追忆,南唐故家有外向的文化心理。尽管得天独厚的居息环境,使故家旧族成员无慕外累;但这种自足的生态,并不导致自我封闭。而西昌便利的水陆交通,也为居民出行提供条件。只要交通无阻,人事没有挂碍,西昌文士游历的身影,就会出现在大江南北。当元末江淮兵兴,南北交通被阻隔,西昌文士虽不能肆意远涉,却仍在省郡范围广泛交游。他们以西昌文苑为基地,近交吉安路的名士才彦;再沿着驿道,或顺着赣江,往北过临江路,通达省会南昌。就是在这条交通线上,他们与两地文士来往。而从反方向来看,西昌踞江西南部交通要道,是去往闽中岭南的中继站。从南昌临江方向来的文人,就有机会同当地文人交往。元末临江和南昌两地,汇聚了一批文雅之士。此两地人员频繁交往,所行文事又密切联动。他们或以德性学问相尚,或以书画诗歌文章交好,共同推动此方文学活动。当西昌文人一旦来仪,就会与他们发生交往。而西昌文人道艺双修、学道工诗的品质,也更能引起同类关注、激发尚友的热情。在这三方文学资源中,最强劲的是西昌文学。它以僻处一隅的次文学群落优势,竟占据这场三方联动的核心地位,从而主导元末江右文学的总态势。而在这个总的态势下,又形成多重文人圈属,有所谓十才子、七诗友等组织形式,呈现元代末世的江右文学繁荣景象。所谓江西十才子,应是个动态组合。以核心九成员为基数,从刘崧的交游圈计算,加郑大同即为十才子;从杨彭的交游圈计算,加刘永之即为十才子;从王佑的交游圈计算,加兄王沂即为十才子。而且,这种组合是出于某种默契,当时并没有谁来明确圈定。The core clans in Xichang County came from Jinling which was the capital of Nantang kingdom,so they had extroverted cultural mind for their permanent remembrance of origin native place.Although these clans lived in a superior environment without desire for fame or wealth,they tended to be open-minded.Taking full advantage of convenient water and land traffic,the literati in Xichang County always enjoyed travelling around if possible.Even during the period of rebellion in the late Yuan Dynasty,literati in Xichang County kept frequent communication with those people from Nanchang and Linjiang region along the Ganjiang River.They learned from each other in term of literature or art,and exchanged views about moral and philosophy.Those elegant scholars from Xichang County got admiration because of their virtue as well as elegance.Besides,they became the leaders of communities and activities concerned about literature and art,which also meant that Xichang County took the leading position among these regions in Jiangxi province.Under this circumstance,many scholar groups such as ＂ten gifted scholars＂,＂seven gifted poets＂,etc.appeared in Xichang County,bringing about prosperity in literature during the last decades of the Yuan Dynasty.＂Ten gifted scholars＂ in Jiangxi was not a fixed association,in which there were nine core members,the last one changed frequently.For example,if we took LIU Song＇s（or YANG Peng＇s and WANG You＇s）social contact in consideration,ZHENG Datong（or LIU Youzhi and WANG Yi）should be the last one of ＂ten gifted scholars＂.Thus,we couldn＇t give a clear definition about ＂ten gifted scholars＂ since they got together just for the sake of tacit understanding.

关 键 词：南唐故家 江西十才子 动态组合 刘崧 西江派 雅正标宗 

分 类 号：I209.9[文学—中国文学]